George Gray Essay

Have you felt you wanted to get somewhere but are too afraid to do it. In George Gray he is reaching to find meaning in his life but is too afraid to find something. He is too scared that he will be hurt by the outcome or defeated by life in some way that he will not reach out. Now in his poem he is telling how he wants to find the meaning of life by saying he will set the sails to and find it. The mood of this poem is depressing, and demoralizing. The author has no meaning in life and it is horrible as he puts it. The mood is set in this poem by some of the words like sorrow, dreaded, madness, and torture. These are used to show how it is like during and before the journey towards a meaning. The first literary device is the personification, â€Å"Sorrow knocked at my door.† What this is saying is that he felt so depressed that sorrow was right next to him. Like the saying death came knocking at my door this means that he was taken over by sorrow just like someone is taken over by death. The second literary device is â€Å"Ambition called to me.† This is another personification. What it is trying to say is that he had a chance to do something great but he was too fearful of the outcome that he did not do it. What the poem is leading up to is that he has had so many chances to have a purpose in life but always shuts them out. In conclusion what this poem was trying to do, was show the reader about the authors life, and how he had shut out every good thing that had come his way. The personification in this poem emphasized the multiple opportunities he had to help himself.

Field Work, Non-Verbal Communication Essay

A few days ago I took a trip to my local mall and took a seat at the food court. My objective was to observe individuals engaging in non-verbal communication and document what I witnessed. After only a few minutes I became aware of a couple sitting within public distance, about 15-20ft away from me. They were having an argument about how the male was being cold and unaffectionate. While observing them I realized they were using various gestures while arguing. I will inform you of what type they were and what they were conveying. During the argument, both individuals demonstrated affect displays. These are facial expressions motivated by emotion such as a smile or frown. The female had a frown on her face to demonstrate that she was sad and discontent while informing the male that she was feeling lack of affection him. The male had what I can best describe as a half smile; imagine half of the mouth engaging in a smile while the opposite half stays normal. He also kept looking around and rolling his eyes. These indicate that he believes that the female’s thoughts are unimportant or that they may be incorrect and he believes that he indeed is affectionate. Illustrators were used by the female. Illustrators are gestures that complement our words such as pointing when giving directions. While talking about the male’s lack of affection, she constantly pointed at him with her index finger to further enhance the fact that she was talking about him. When describing how she felt, she would put her hand over her chest for the purpose of indicating that she is talking about how she feels. When the male finally decided he was going to speak, he used regulators. Regulators are gestures that may prolong or terminate the conversation such as looking at your watch, walking away or nodding and leaning forward. He raised his hand with the purpose of making the female stop talking so he could say something. The female felt that the gesture was disrespectful and noted it verbally, then continued talking about the issue as if what he had to say could wait. The male used another regulator; he leaned forward and opened his mouth. The purpose of this was to communicate to the female that he would like her to stop talking so he could say something. After the male verbally communicated that he doesn’t believe that he is being cold and unaffectionate, the female used an emblem. Emblems are gestures that have a direct verbal translation and can stand alone such as the â€Å"ok† sign. She twisted her head to the right and then to the left repeatedly indicated â€Å"No, I disagree with you†. The male put his hand out in front of him, palms facing up and tilted his head up, this combination of gestures is usually translated into â€Å"what? † or â€Å"why? †, in this situation, it means â€Å"why? †. Near the end of this argument, a couple of adaptors were utilized. Adaptors are gestures that make you feel more comfortable in a communication situation such as twirling your hair or tapping your fingers. While the female mentioned various situations where the male is unaffectionate she puts her elbows on the table and massages the sides of her head with her hands, I believe she did this to relief tension she was feeling from the argument in order to feel more comfortable. The male decided that her reasons for feeling that he is unaffectionate are legitimate. While verbally communicating that he agrees with her and he will make changes, the female reaches her hand out and holds his, further seeking comfort now that the argument has been settled. In conclusion, it is evident that non-verbal communication is constantly happening around us, all we have to do is look for it. As you read, by simply sitting down at the local mall’s food court I was able to observe a couple using the five different types of gestures which are: emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adaptors. Most of them occurred multiple times during the argument I was observing. After understanding that different types of gestures, it is very easy to identify them in everyday life.

“Ocean Carriers” Case Essay

Assume that Ocean Carriers uses a 9% discount rate. 1) Do you expect daily spot hire rates to increase or decrease next year? (5 points) 2) What factors drive daily hire rates? (5 points) 3) How would you characterize the long-term prospects of the capesize dry bulk industry? (10 points) 4) Should Ms Linn purchase the $39M capsize? Make 2 different assumptions. First, assume that Ocean Carriers is a US firm subject to 35% taxation. Second, assume that Ocean Carriers is located in Hong Kong, where owners of Hong Kong ships are not required to pay any tax on profits made overseas and are also exempted from paying any tax on profit made on cargo uplifted from Hong Kong. (75 points) 5) What do you think of the company’s policy of not operating ships over 15 years old? (5 points) Solutions: 1) Daily spot hire rates should be determined by supply and demand. Supply: The number of ships available equaled the number of vessels in service the previous year plus any new ships delivered minus any scrappings and sinkings. Demand: The demand for dry bulk capesizes was determined by the world economy, especially its basic industries. As shown in Exhibit 5, since over 85% of the cargo carried by capesizes was iron ore and coal, the amount of iron ore vessel shipments approximately reflects the demand for dry bulk capesizes. The amount of fleet size reflects the supply of capesizes. As shown in Exhibit 3, the number of new ships delivered in 2001 is 63. Since there had been very few scrappings in recent years, and most of the capacity of the worldwide fleet of capesizes was fairly young, we can assume that the change of fleet size during 2001 mainly comes from these new ships.  Similarly, we can expect the fleet size in 2002 will be: 612+(612-552)*(33/63) ≈ 643 From Exhibit 6, according to the forecast of the consulting group, iron ore vessel shipments will be 445 millions of tons in 2002. We can compute the growth rates of supply and demand in 2002. We can see from the table above that the supply will grow faster than the demand, so I expect daily spot hire rate to decrease next year. This can also be explained according to the Linn’s analysis. With Australian production in iron ore expected to be strong and Indian iron ore exports expected to take off in the next few years, Linn took an optimistic view of the long-term market demand for capesizes. However, she also considered that imports of iron ore and coal would probably remain stagnant over the next two years while supply increases. We can reasonably anticipate that spot rates would fall in 2001 and 2002. 2) As mentioned in 1), daily spot hire rates are determined by supply and demand. Demand: As illustrated in the case, the demand for dry bulk capesizes was determined by the world economy, especially its basic industries. Over 85% of the cargo carried by capesizes was iron ore and coal. Production and demand for these products increased in a strong economy. Changes in trade patterns also affected the demand for capesizes. Supply: The number of ships available equaled the number of vessels in service the previous year plus any new ships delivered minus any scrappings and sinkings. Ocean carriers decided to deliver new ships or scrap old ships mainly based on the demand. Supply was also affected by the increases in size and efficiency the newer ships offered. Moreover, ages of ships affected the company’s scrap decisions and older ships receiver lower daily hire rates. In summary, the world economy, changes in trade patterns, the increases in size and efficiency of new ships (technology) and ages of  ships drive daily hire rates. 3) As illustrated in the case, with Australian production in iron ore expected to be strong and Indian iron ore exports expected to take off in the next few years, Linn took an optimistic view of the long-term market demand for capesizes. Linn expected that Australian and Indian ore exports would begin in 2003, and that new supplies would significantly increase trading volumes. Demand for capesizes would likely increase with these higher trading volumes, possibly boosting prices. From the table above, we can find that worldwide iron ore vessel shipments and charter rates had been very strongly associated historically. Iron ore vessel shipments and daily hire rate changed in the same direction. Moreover, 3-yr charter rates changed much more than iron ore vessel shipments, while spot rates tended to fluctuate more widely than 3-yr charter rates. As mentioned above, Australian production in iron ore expected to be strong and Indian iron ore exports expected to take off in the next few years. I expect worldwide iron ore vessel shipments to increase stably in the long run, which would have a positive effect on daily hire rates. In terms of supply, the number of ships available equaled the number of vessels in service the previous year plus any new ships delivered minus any scrappings and sinkings. As shown in Exhibit 2, most of the capacity of the worldwide fleet of capesizes was fairly young, there would be very few scrappings in next years. As shown in Exhibit 3, numbers of new ships delivered experienced a downward trend, which means the supply would  increase more slowly in the long run. As a result, daily hire rates would be expected to rise in the long run. I take an optimistic view of the long-term prospects of the capesize dry bulk industry. 4) According to the information in the case, we can get the following table: Operating days: Initially, 8 days a year were scheduled for maintenance and repairs. The time allotted to maintenance and repairs increased to 12 days per year after five years of operation, and to 16 days a year for ships older than ten years. Daily operating costs: For a new ship coming on line in early 2003, operating costs were expected to initially average $4,000 per day, and to increase annually at a rate of 1% above inflation. The expected rate of inflation was 3%. Expenditures for special surveys: Capital expenditures anticipated in preparation for the special surveys would each be depreciated on a straight-line basis over a 5-year period. Depreciation: The ship would cost $39 million, and the value would be depreciated on a straight-line basis over 25 years. Moreover, the ship would cost $39 million, with 10% of the purchase price payable immediately and 10% due in a year’s time. The balance would be due on delivery. In addition, Linn expected to make a $500,000 initial investment in net working capital, which she anticipated would grow with inflation. Capital expenditures for special surveys would occur in 2007 and 2012. The company estimated the scrap value to be $5M at the end of the fifteenth year. We have to consider tax loss when the ship is sold since the ship has a book value of 15,600,000. Tax loss =(15,600,000-5,000,000)*35%=3,710,000. We can calculate total cash flows as follows: Assume that Ocean Carriers uses a 9% discount rate, NPV is negative. So Ms Linn should not purchase the $39M capsize. b) Assume Ocean Carriers is located in Hong Kong, we can calculate total cash flows as follows: Assume that Ocean Carriers uses a 9% discount rate, NPV is positive. So Ms Linn should purchase the $39M capsize. 5) I think it is a good policy to sell the vessel into the secondhand market, or â€Å"scrap† the vessel just before the third special survey. By carrying out this policy, the company could avoid heavy capital expenditures of the third, fourth and fifth surveys. At the same time, the company could benefit from the scrap value of $5M. In addition, the company could charge higher daily hire rates because vessels are comparatively younger. So I think the company’s policy of not operating ships over 15 years old is good.

Capacity Building as an International Response to Cybercrime Assignment

Capacity Building as an International Response to Cybercrime - Assignment Example From the srudy findings it is clear that technologies used by people globally are required to be organised for better usage in terms of social consideration. It is apparent that Information and communication technology (ICT) has been rapidly transformed over the past two decades especially in the northern and southern regions of the world owing to which numerous development has been observed in various domains. Notably, the development of ICT has enlarged the choices of people, which further helped them towards personal and professional growth. This discussion stresses that cybercrimes are offences against computer systems, which are conducted within or via computer networks. It affects the security along with the rights of the people living in a society and on the hand, it further strengthening the presence of crime within a society. It has been analysed that cybercrime raised considerable risk for infrastructure to which the people in a society are dependent that further impact the aspect of security and trust in a negative manner. Cybercrime is a particular crime that is conducted with the use or within computers and internet networks. It is regarded by legal authority as a punishable crime and is one of the major issues to be resolved in the contemporary scenario. Cybercrime is also often regarded as computer crime, which involve the use of computer, as a particular instrument to conduct illegal activities such as fraud, child pornography and unauthorized access or damage of other’s property among others.

Helen Keller who has had a significant influence on me Essay

Helen Keller who has had a significant influence on me - Essay Example To this very day, I can still remember how Keller struggled to find a way to overcome her disabilities. Her perseverance and passion truly touched me. I never thought that after another five years since kindergarten, I would be here in the United States, Helen Keller’s homeland. The first sight of the blue, cloudless sky was exhilarating. I am lucky, I thought to myself. This is the land of freedom and opportunity. However, I had not expected the difficulties that were lying ahead of me. My years in elementary and middle school were not so much enjoyable. I often had to take out my pocket-sized dictionary to grasp the meaning of unfamiliar words. Then people often made fun out of me. It was like trying to walk blindly in the dark. My parents on the other hand were very busy trying to make a living while I had to endure the harsh reality on my own. When people talked, I could not understand what they were saying. When I needed something, I could not open my mouth to ask simply because I did not know any English. Periodically, I borrowed short stories and interesting fictions to read so that I could improve my English skills. During that time, I could barely read a single page without spending more than ten minutes on it, trying to figure out each word I did not understand. I knew it would be extremely tedious to finish all the books, but in order to be successful, I had to master all these English phrases and words. Whenever I got bored and lost inspiration, I thought of Helen Keller and how she overcame her difficulties. I would keep going, no matter what it took to finish the book I would be reading. Seven years have passed since my journey to the U.S. Currently, I am enrolled at Stuyvesant High School, one of the most prestigious high schools in the United States. I am grateful that the individual who has had the single highest degree of influence on me is Helen Keller. I realize that I could never be where I am today had it not been

How the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has made an impact on business Essay

How the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has made an impact on business - Essay Example r example, the Canada’s long standing principles-based stock exchange was replaced with a hybrid rules and principles based corporate governance regime that was modeled in SOX and administered by security regulators (Sibold, 2009). Largely, as Sibold elaborates, the act aims to harmonize the global fiscal management polices by shifting these from the pervious rules based to principles based management, where a global platform on financial management can be achieved. The act largely bases on management through virtues and morals as compared to through rules. However, Sibold (2009) argues that there are possibilities of more executives and editors using the trust and moral trust enhanced by this act to act unethically as compared other previous management through rules. Family owned enterprises according to Sibold portray better performance of family influence that focuses the investments of the firm, and this lessens the moral hazards due to the minority equity claimants and in creasing form values. Therefore, as a profession in financial management or any other related field, the act requires that moral standing, virtues and business ethics have to be more pronounced in an individual to avoid conflict of interest in the workplace, where one is tempted to behave unethically. As a professional in financial management, it would be necessary to integrate both the rule based and principles based approach in financial management to ensure a wider approach to management problems in finances and reduce possible cases of unethical behaviors in managing

Sumo Wresling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sumo Wresling - Essay Example But he easily could be an underdog in a sumo match. The heaviest sumo wrestlers weigh 450 to 550 pounds, sometimes more. Unlike a football player, a sumo wrestler has no helmet, pads or uniform. A belt that barely covers his midsection is all he wears into the ring. The ring itself is a clay base surrounded by a narrow circle f straw. It is only about 15 feet in diameter. The object f a sumo match is to knock an opponent off his feet or out f the ring. A match begins with the two wrestlers crouched much the same way a football lineman sets up for the snap. At the referee's signal, they uncoil and slam into each other. Bigger wrestlers use their bodies like bulldozers to drive an opponent out f the ring. The smaller ones must rely on quickness and leverage to overcome a larger opponent. A match may last only 20 to 30 seconds. Some last an even shorter time. (Hall 1-7) Sumo is a distinctly Japanese sport. Its modern history stretches back some 300 years. But for the first time, a foreigner holds the title f grand champion. He is an American from Hawaii named Chad Rowan. He wrestles under the name Akebono, which means "the dawn." At 6-foot-8 and 466 pounds, Akebono is one f the larger men in sumo. But he is trim compared to the largest wrestler, another Hawaiian named Konishiki. He stands about 6 feet tall and weighs 575 pounds. To maintain his size, Konishiki consumes about 19,000 calories a day. That could easily be a week's worth f calories for an average person. (Schilling 21-26) Eating plenty f food is important to a sumo wrestler, but being big is not the key to winning. Wrestlers must develop skills and techniques--and huge muscles. To do that, they train extremely hard. Before a match, wrestlers toss salt and stomp their feet. This ritual is intended to purify the mind and drive away demons. Sumo's rituals have evolved out f the Shinto religion. According to legend, the first sumo match occurred 2,000 years ago between two feuding gods. Growing in Popularity Several years ago sumo was considered a dull, old-fashioned sport. Today its popularity is growing faster than a wrestler's waistline. Millions in Japan watch the matches on television. "There aren't many people more exciting to the Japanese than a sumo champion," says Gordon Berger, a professor at the University f Southern California who teaches Japanese history. "The top wrestlers are on a par with sports and movie stars in the United States." (Kubota 1-10) Sumo fans do not lose their interest in the sport when they leave Japan. Motohiro Matsuda moved to the United States six years ago. He bought a satellite dish for his home in St. Louis, Mo., to pick up broadcasts f sumo tournaments 7,000 miles away. His 9-year-old son, Yu, a Cub Scout in Pack 492, is a fan too. "I like to pretend I'm one f them," Yu says. His favorite wrestler is Takahanada, a baby-faced bruiser swarmed by fans throughout Japan. Takahanada and his brother Wakahanada might be the most popular sumo stars. There is another difference between sumo and many American sports. These wrestlers remain a modest bunch even after a victory. They do not jump and shout with joy. "Don't expect high-fives in sumo," Berger says. "Don't even expect a smile." A sumo champion remains humble and reserved. That is the sumo tradition. Sumo wrestling - a history The sport, like its

Alternative Dispute Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Alternative Dispute Resolution - Essay Example Anyway, there is no harm in so doing. Mediation is actually a class or a form of an alternative dispute resolution process.2 ADR therefore is the generic term. Arbitration, however, has a different meaning. We have to take notice of the variance because the case to be analyzed is also criticized for not distinguishing arbitration from mediation, although that aspect will not be included in this paper. Stated in another way, ADR is a collective description of methods of resolving disputes otherwise than through the normal trial process. It is one of several ways to resolve disputes outside the ambit of the courts or to make an attempt to settle the case if possible. It is a procedure where the parties are therefore given a chance to amicably patch up their differences over a certain dispute. This has to be done in view of the prospect that those involved in a controversy may be able to mend things without going to the court for a full-blown trial. That is why it is considered an alternative solution, meaning that it will take the place of court proceedings if the parties agree. The most logical reason for ADR is to stop the further clogging of cases in tribunals or judicial bodies and agencies. Courts all over the world are confronted by the humongous predicament of so many pending matters for the action or resolution of the judge or panel of judges.3 Why must the courts be unclogged of cases The simple answer to this is to give more quality time to the judges in deciding or resolving suits and other incidents brought before them for judicial determination. If judges have limited time to so decide or resolve, they cannot prepare good and well-studied rulings compared to when they have ample opportunity. From a macro viewpoint, decisions which are crafted under deadline pressures will not serve the ends of justice. It will become a matter of what is haste is waste. If courts are to make good decisions in a loaded environment, what will happen is that the more recent filings will have to wait. Resultant of that will be the slow disposal or resolution of cases. Of course, public opinion frowns upon tardy decisions under the caveat that justice that is delayed is like justice that is denied. A grievance that is addressed but not expeditiously as normally expected is the same as if there was no redress at all.4 How can ADR help the unclogging of cases in the courts The more cases that are resolved in the ADR or mediation level, the lesser the cases that will be forwarded to the courts for hearing or trial. Such a situation will give more elbow room and latitude for the judges in dispensing their functions more efficiently, effectively and speedily. What are the advantages of ADR Firstly, in resorting to the mediation process, the parties save on time, money and efforts if they finally come to an amicable settlement. And secondly, the hostilities among the enemies are reduced if not totally removed and amity, if there was any, is restored once the compromise agreement shall have been concluded. Halsey, in its paragraph 15, citing the distinguished Lord Justice Brooke in the case of Dunnett v Railtrack, credited skilled mediators for having achieved satisfactory results in many cases than could have been achieved in court proceedings.5 Taken altogether, the attendant features surrounding the use of the ADR process indicate that it is for the public

Medical marijuana and its impact on the mind, body and society Term Paper

Medical marijuana and its impact on the mind, body and society - Term Paper Example Batalla et al. (2013) and Greenwell (2012), however, asserted the negative effects of cannabis on both adolescent and adult brains. This paper is not concerned of marijuana legalization, as it assumes that the main context is that it is used in states where medical marijuana consumption is allowed. The emphasis is on cannabis’ potential effects on users and society. Medical marijuana can help some people deal with chronic pain, but it should not be widely used because it can have negative effects on the brain, which can lead to mental, academic, and social problems. Technical Overview Marijuana, also called cannabis, pertains to preparing plants that are members of the family Cannabaceae, the genus Cannabis, and the species Cannabis sativa that produce psychoactive effects (Greenwell, 2012, p.68). Marijuana has around 70 psychoactive compounds or â€Å"cannabinoids,† which include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that creates many of marijuana’s psychological and physi cal effects, and its content is usually connected to the potency of marijuana (Batalla et al., 2013, p.2). The part of the plants used are the flowering tops, leaves, and stalks of mature female plans, although the resinous extracts (hash) of marijuana are also used as medicine (Greenwell, 2012, p.68). ... At present, medical marijuana is used to treat chronic pain for patients with cancer, multiple sclerosis, and nerve pain, as well as depression, nausea, and vomiting (Greenwell, 2012, p.68; Martin-Sanchez, Furukawa, Taylor, & Martin, 2009, p.1353). Impacts of Medical Marijuana on Mind, Body, and Society Though some patients attested the importance of marijuana to treating symptoms or their illnesses, most studies agreed that the impact of marijuana on the human brain is under-researched enough for doctors and patients to be cautious of its widespread applications (Batalla et al., 2013; Blakemore, 2013; Block, 1996). Batalla et al. (2013) and Blakemore (2013) are highly concerned of how marijuana affects adolescent brains, especially when they are in their development stages, while Batalla et al. (2013), Block (1996), and Rapp (2013) are alarmed of the effects of long-term cannabis use on adult brains and behaviors. Batalla et al. (2013) conducted a systematic review on 43 structural and functional imaging studies on adolescent and adult chronic cannabis users, wherein these studies have matched control groups included. They defined chronic marijuana users as those who use cannabis a number of times a week and have done so for at a minimum of two years (p.2). Their findings showed that for the few studies that focused on adolescents, imaging showed structural and functional changes in their brains, where gender may have a role in these changes (Batalla et al., 2013, p.13). They stressed that adolescent female cannabis users may be at higher risk for cannabis-stimulated morphological impacts (Batalla et al., 2013, p.13). Blakemore (2013) also reviewed a study on cannabis use for adolescent brains

Will Hourly Rounds Decrease Patient Falls Research Paper

Will Hourly Rounds Decrease Patient Falls - Research Paper Example It has attempted to over all the key elements of the assignment in a substantive way with accuracy and persuasiveness. The paper has used Lewin Theory as an implementation guide. Plan for implementing the proposed solution: The main focus of the plan is to incorporate a system of regular hourly rounds by nurses, as a solution to decrease patient falls in the hospital. For this, the first step is careful planning for which it is necessary to ascertain the following: 1. The number of patients visiting the hospital on an average. 2. The number of nurses in the hospital. 3. The number of physicians in a hospital. 4. The number of nurses as assistant to the physicians. 5. The average period a patient visits the hospital. Developing a plan involves careful evaluation and organizing. Appropriate staffing procedures also need to be adopted for getting the plan executed. Such a plan is highly crucial in implementing the proposed solution. The main aim of a nurse is to decrease patient falls i n the hospital and to provide proper assistance and care to them for their recovery from illness. The goals of nurses also include helping individuals â€Å"to maintain their health so they can function in their roles† (Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, 2011, para. 13). ... 10 nurses should be able to handle 25 patients. The plan is to implement a rotation basis system so that 20 nurses cater to 50 patients and administer them on the basis of the guidance and supported provided by physicians. Plan for monitoring the implementation of the solution: In order to implement the solution of a rotational arrangement of nurses so as to extend each patient the advantage of the hourly round system it is very important to monitor the situation that exists in the hospital and to plan the visits accordingly. â€Å"An important part of plan implementation is monitoring, which is taking periodic looks at â€Å"how it's going† in Implementing the plan† (Training Course on Decentralized Education Planning in the Context Public Sector Reform, 2007, p. 2). Proper staffing pattern activities are essential to develop productive human asset in the hospital so that the hospital can provide utmost care and security to its patients. Each nurse’s on job comm itment is assessed through the number of patient falls under her tenure. Month-wise assessment should be made in order to assess the efficiency of nurses. In the months where both the fall prevalence and the nursing hours are the same, it implies that the nursing care in these months is not enough. In the months where occurrence of falls is more than average these needs to be balanced with appropriate nursing care hours. When there is a wide difference between the falls prevalence and the nursing hours per day and there is less falls it implies that nursing care hours are higher than the prevalence of falls. Such a plan needs to be implemented for the purpose of monitoring of the

Information and Communication Technologies (Icts) In University Essay

Information and Communication Technologies (Icts) In University - Essay Example This essay stresses that traditional approaches that were initially used in education involved actual classes, actual lectures and the use of individually written notes as opposed to the softcopy notes currently available. Information and communication technology has enhanced the educational discourse and learning process in the world in a number of ways that the traditional approaches did not. This paper makes a conclusion that the change in educational pedagogy due to the introduction of information technology enabled approaches has created significant impacts and enhanced learning in universities across the globe. With the use of technology, university students have today been granted a number of advantages that others did not have several years ago. The traditional educational environment was not well suited to address the emerging and dynamic educational needs of the students and this affected the level of academic growth and maturity. Graduates who were previously exposed to the traditional pedagogical educational instruction at university level have continued to face challenges with the information technology enabled work environment. While traditional pedagogical methods educational approaches used printed books and publication for education purposes, the introduction of ICT has diversified sources of information for students. Tools such as e-learning, e-books and o nline journals have enabled students and lecturers to access information with ease.

Contemporary Developments in Psychology and Counseling Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Developments in Psychology and Counseling Essay Every human behavior includes in an events and activities that a human being show in his lifetime. Human’s intelligence and creativeness produced great inventions that prolong human lives and make living on this earth convenient. But at the same time human intelligence have produced life threatening inventions that can take away lives at the press of a button. In other words, men nurtures and protect his fellow human and at the same time destroys them. And so with these, we became curious. â€Å"Why do people behave the way they do?† with these problem we can now enter the world of Psychology. Psychology nowadays is universally defined as the science of scientific study of behavior and mental processes. And under this field of Psychology there are major areas which are the biopsychology, experimental psychology, developmental and personality psychology, health clinical and counseling psychology and social-industrial-organizational consumer and cross cultural psychology. And under this field we have the cognitive learning which assumes that learning results from thinking and other mental processes. Cognitive learning grew from a combination of Gestalt psychology and Behavioral Psychology. Cognitive Perspective focuses on how a person knows, understands and thinks about his or her environment. The Development of Cognitive Learning was according to the theory of Jean Piaget a Swiss Psychologist. He states that mental development undergoes different stages from birth until adolescence when a person acquired most of the cognitive functions. Some scientist also made their studies about the so-called Cognitive learning. Like Edward Tolman and Wolfgang Kohler. According to Tolman all organisms are capable of thinking. He believes that organisms takes in the information and use it to adapt to its environment. While Kohler experiment on insight of learning. He suggested that cognitive processes play an important role in learning. Insights are formed suddenly and transferred immediately to other similar problems. There are two steps in the process of cognitive interpretation in emotions. The interpretation of stimuli from the environment The interpretation of stimuli from the body to autonomic arousal As the first method says it means that individuals are not affected by the events but by the interpretation of the individuals on these situations. While the second method means the interpretation of within the body stimuli resulting to autonomic arousal. Another thing, Psychologists categorizes the diverse fields of Psychology under different models, approaches and perspectives. And these are seven perspectives; these are the evolutionary perspective, psychodynamic perspective, behavioral perspective, cognitive perspective, humanistic perspective, biological perspective or neurobiological perspective and neuropsychological perspective. These perspectives help Psychologists to organize their scientific findings to connect them to theories as they seek for further research. References Gines, Adelaida C. General Psychology. Philippines: REX Bookstore, Inc.,2003

European Union Regional Policy

European Union Regional Policy After the Second World War, there had been attempts to re-unify the war-torn countries in Europe. However, there were many obstacles along the processes made. Problems still existed between rival countries such as between France and Germany, and economic situations in the European countries after the war was in a need of development. In order to cope with such problems of economy and relation between these countries, a community was created in 1951 by having first coal and steel as their central shared interests. This European Coal and Steel Community later developed in to the European Economic Community and finally in to the well-known European Union. This kind of community allows its member to improve their economic conditions through custom union and free trade, while advances their diplomatic relationship through their interactions. Efforts to integrate Europe can also be seen in 6 enlargements of the Union; allowing other states of Europe to join after they have accepted the co mmunity law. However, allowing other states to be members of the Union means there will be differences between the new and the old members of the union especially in economic terms. The most significant enlargement was the 5th enlargement in 2004 which was when the ten poor states in Europe decided to join the Union. In order to lessen the financial gaps between the members, the Regional Policy came in and played a major role in improving the economic disparities between states to allow their economy to grow. This paper will be focusing on the background of the regional policy, reasons why it is needed, main objectives, geographical eligibility, and who decides the funding. Background The idea of balancing the economic status of member states in the community has been there since the very early years of the European integration, or around 1950s. There were three sectors of financial support which were created during 1957- 1988; the beginning of the integration, to help funding the development missions of the European Community; the European Social Fund (ESF), the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). In 1986, the cohesion policy was introduced after the agreement on the Single European Act with the objectives of re-uniting and developing the economy of member states all together. However, in order to achieve the goal of market development through support and competition between states, the members of the Union have to be equally strong or at least, the differences between countries shall not be very high in economic sense, or the poorer ones will not be able to survive within the Union. Reasons for having the European Regional Policy The European Union expansion has been achieved, but only in the number of members, not in economic and social development terms. Different countries have different financial and social status, but to unite them together and to improve their economic growth, these differences have to be reduced to the extent that they will not affect the countries with economic and social disadvantages in a negative way, but allow them to grow stronger together and compatible with the more-developed nations in the community. The enlargement in 2004 has included 10 poorer countries in Europe in to the Union; Poland, Cyprus, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Hungary, Malta, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania and other 2 later on in 2007; Romania and Bulgaria, in to the European Union; making its numbers increased to 27 members (the EUs 5th Enlargement, 2004). The population of the union has increased significantly by 20%, but there was only 5% increase in the GDP or the Gross Domestic Product of the Union. The problem here is that now the GDP per person is lower than the average level of the European Union-27 in the percentage of 25% (one in four regions); making it a need to diminish their differences (Regional Policy, 2009). It is an idea agreed by all of the Unions members that in order to improve the economy of each state and of the union as a whole, competition within the market is required. To survive in the competitive market and to improve its economy, a state needs to make itself capable of competing. The regional policy is there for financing the in-needed regions projects and helping the countries within the union to reach their goal of economic expansion, competitiveness, and solidarity. Ideas and technology can also be shared between states as in the process of development. Main objectives There are three main objectives divided by the Union; Convergence, Regional Competitiveness and Employment, and European Territorial Cooperation, and three structural funds and instruments; the European Fund for Regional Development, the European Social Fund, and the Cohesion Fund. The policy for integrating and balancing the economic and social conditions in Europe is also known as the Cohesion Policy; whose current budget of 2007-2013 is 347.41 billion euro or around 35.7% of the overall budget of the European Union (Regional Policy, 2009). The Convergence Objective aims to promote economic growth and social development for the least-developed members of the Union in order to gain their ideal convergence. The areas of concern are environment, tourism, culture, transportation, energy, education, health, risk prevention, etc. The funding for this objective is consisted of around 282.8 billion euro (81.54% of the total Cohesion Policy funding) provided by the EFRD, ESF, and the Cohesion Fund [ibid]. The Regional Competitiveness and Employment objective helps supporting regions to toughen their economy by investing on the public and private sectors of the regional economy to emphasize on competition, attractiveness and employment. By doing so, they believe that it will provide more works with better standard for the people of each region which will also improve the regions economic and social conditions. This objective also has its aim on preserving the environment, improving transportation and communication system. The amount of funding for this objective is 55 billion euro (15.95% of the total Cohesion Policy funding) provided by EFRD and ESF [ibid]. The European Territorial and Co-operation objective is funded by the European Fund for Regional Development with the amount of 8.7 billion euro (2.52% of the total Cohesion Policy funding) [ibid]. This objective aims at improving the integrated regions social and economic conditions, transnational cooperation, and underlining the effectiveness of the Regional Policy. Geographical Eligibility The state members who are eligible for receiving the Cohesion Policy Fund are mostly countries from the 5th and 6th enlargements in 2004 and 2007, whose Gross National Income (GNI) are less than 90% of the average of the European Union. Regions which get this kind of funding are; Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, and Slovakia (Regional Policy, 2009). Spain is another country that fits in this category, however, for Spain it is a special case since its GNI was low enough for this category when EU had 15 members. In order to deal with this matter, Spain was put under the â€Å"phasing-out system,† so the country will not be much affected after the ten poorer states join the Union in 2004. The Convergence objectives funding is available for countries whose Gross Domestic Product per person is lower than 75% of the European Union average (Regional Policy, 2009). Examples of regions in this category (EU-25) are; the whole Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia, parts of Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Spain, Hungary, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Portugal. For the phasing-out system; which was introduced to help reduce the effect it might have on the poor countries receiving this funding before the poorer 10 countries join the EU, which concerns countries who were eligible at the time when EU had 15 members are some regions in Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, Austria, Portugal, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objectives funding is available to regions who are not supported by the convergence objective, and until 2013- whose GDP is higher than 75% of the EU-15 average. Examples of these regions are those in Eire-Ireland, Greece, Spain, Italy, Hungary, Portugal, etc. The geographical eligibility for the European Territorial Cooperation Objective consists of cross-border cooperation; transnational and interregional cooperation- including regions within a distance of 150km. alongside of inner, outer land borders, and maritimes. Who decides funds? The European commission will discuss with its member states about the cohesion policy and the strategy for dealing with each states conditions in order to reduce the existing disparities between the more developed and the less developed regions within the Union. After come to an agreement, the Commission will draw out a proposal and hand it over to the European Parliament and the European Council who will take it into consideration and decide on the structural funds and their regulations. Conclusion The expansion of the European Union is going well throughout the decades; however, after accepting new members from the poorer regions, especially in the enlargement of 2004, the European Union has faced with a bigger problem of social and economic differences between member states. In order to cope with this matter, the Regional Policy has been emphasized on more than in the past to improve the newly-joined-less-developed regions and the old-less-developed regions economic and social status, so that they are compatible with the more developed countries. In order to improve the European Unions economic and social status, the market has to remain its competitiveness and solidarity, meaning that if the poorer countries are less capable, they may not be able to survive or improve their economy, but financially and socially fail. The Regional Policy helps improve the smaller bits of the member states in regional scale to make better environment for the future stronger economy of the cou ntries and strengthen their conditions, so that they will be able to compete in the domestic and international market, improve their social and economic situations and also those of the Union as a whole. References Regional Policy, 2009. Regional Policy. European Commission. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/history/index_en.htm [Accessed 20 March 2010]. The EU`s 5th Enlargement, 2004. The European Union in the World. Enlargement. [online] Available at: http://www.dellbn.ec.europa.eu/en/enlargement/index.htm [Accessed 20 March 2010]. Malais J. Haegeman, H., 2009. Analysis on the European Union Regional Policy. European Union Regional Policy. [online] Available at: http://www.iiuedu.eu/press/journals/sds/sds1_july_2008/07_SECC_03.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2010].

A Marketing Analysis Of Pipers Crisps Marketing Essay

A Marketing Analysis Of Pipers Crisps Marketing Essay A SWOT analysis is a useful approach; it helps to examine a business overview position in relation to its internal and external environments. A SWOT analysis is and how it can be used to assess and plan for business developments(Book 1 what is a business PG 30) From the SWOT analysis; the human resource management, accounting and finance, and marketing functions need to be strengthen. There is no clear organisational structure within the business. The accounting function seems to be lacking clear information on pricing and areas to sell their products. The marketing function seem not to have a clear marketing strategy, as there are no clear lines for targeting customers or promoting the crisp brands. How to strengthen Piper Crisp: Human resources function- Clear organisational structure Accounting function- Set price for their products with more places to sell their products nationally and internationally Marketing function- Needs a clear marketing strategy with co-ordination, involving the 4 Ps price, product, promotion and place to improve the marketing targeting Q B. Piper crisp is a small business and its less likely to have a formal organisational structure. However, it will have its own characteristic culture. Two examples are from Drennan 1992, who proposed there are 12 key factors that shape the culture of a business; the influence of a dominant leader the vision, management style and personality of the founder or leader in a business often has a significant influence on the values that the business tries to promote (Book 1 What is a business PG 47) Having a strong idealistic leader is a common factor Pipers Crisps will have such a defining culture. This is illustrated in the case study by A Albone refusal to sell his crisps for Harrods and Prà ªt a Manager because of his ideals. The second factor that will influence the culture will be its goals and belief goals, values and beliefs reflected in objects, actions and language, that is, in Trice and Beyers symbols (Book 1 what is a business PG 47). The employees will have a common goal and belief within their company. This is showed in the case study by Pipers now creates special packets that include an Eastern Airlines jet in the picture on the front along with other subtle plugs for the airline (ECA PG 9) Piper crisp having a strong leader is where the culture will evolve from, he stands up for his ideals and he is not easily swayed by money or more business, this is showed by him turning down business from Harrods, Prà ªt a manager and major supermarkets. Question 4 Marketing function The marketing mixes are a combination of price, product, promotion and place that help to deliver a product in a successful approach to customersMarketers can influence this positioning by manipulating the marketing mix (Book 4 An introduction to marketing PG 16). Piper crisp does not have a very clear marketing strategy as they are the most expensive crisps on the market. Plus they have limited places to sell their crisp. However relationship marketing through promotional communication seems to be used to attract and keep customers. Francis Buttle 1996 theorized that products today are generally the same, thus its hard to find a clear difference. Product quality has become generally high and businesses have found it increasingly difficult to compete on superior quality alone as most competitors are able to offer similar quality. This is forcing businesses to seek competitive advantage in other ways (Book 4 An introduction to marketing PG 19) Piper crisp is achieving this marketing relationship by not selling in normal supermarkets and turning down well-known businesses to promote their own brand of high quality crisps, creating brand loyalty by stimulating the public awareness by not selling out. This is demonstrated in the newspaper article entitled: The rural revolution by Gareth Chadwick. The Independent Sunday, 20 March 2005 Pipers crisp can increase sales by increasing the use of free publicity of newspapers, media coverage and the internet. This can be achieved by using the internet to promote public interest at a national and global scale to sell their high quality products. Thus amplifying the issues of being a small countryside company trying to take on bigger companies, hopefully this will gain public support to purchase their crisps which would be indicative of the publics ongoing support and solidarity. This is showed in the chart below. Figure 4.4 .The promotional mix (Source: Blythe, 2001, p. 175, Figure 9.3) Q. B To develop a profitable relationship; the internal (Micro) and external (Macro) environment shows a marketing relationship that suggests that Piper crisp is focused on the lifetime value of customers and suppliers. From the case study These suppliers all have a story to tell and we tell it on the packets. Its a kind of joint branding, said Albone. We built our business on our relationship with suppliers (ECA PG 9). This shows that the Biggleswade Company and the Fiaz family are local suppliers and are part of the crisp branding. By building long-term relationships with a smaller number of suppliers they can ensure reliability of supply, both in terms of quality and delivery (Book 4 An introduction to marketing PG 26) The customers are also having a long term marketing relationship with Piper crisp. This is showed in the case study. He argues, undercut his core of original customers; those who backed him in the early years. These are the people who helped me and helped my business (ECA PG 9). This shows that Piper crisps values their customers opinions. Figure 2.1 shows this relationship Customers/ Eastern Airlines Pipers Crisp Biggleswade Fiaz family Q. C From Piper crisp SWOT analysis; two pressing human resources problems are according to Fowler 1996. There are no clear organisational structure in place which includes policies and aims. Secondly, Piper crisp must have the right staff in the right areas of the business, especially if there is a shortfall of quality people to hire. To run a successful business everyone must knows their area of reasonability. Different functions are responsible for making different aspects of the business happen, but have to work together so that overall objectives can be achieved (Book 1 What is a business PG 59) Two problems the accounting and finance function faces are; there is not a standard selling price in the stores for their crisps, this is the basis of accrual accounting; the gross profit The idea is that each sale generates a profit which equals the sale price less the cost of whatever was sold (Book 3 An introduction to accounting and finance in business PG 37); the function has no idea what their products actual selling prices are in the stores. Secondly, places to sell their crisp are limited because A Albone does not want to sell in certain place for example; super markets I dont want to sell to supermarkets, nor produce own label crisps, (ECA PG 9) Question 5 The term power is used to identify an action that someone would not necessarily do without being told or promised something in return. Power, in the human context, has long been recognised as the ability to make someone do what they otherwise would not (Book 5 Different ways of looking at business PG 42). According to Watson, 2001, pp. 322-3, there are 3 dimensions of power. In Piper crisp there are 3 dimensions of power An interpersonal dimension An organisational-structural-cultural dimension A societal-structural-cultural dimension. The interpersonal dimension face of power is on a personal one to one level, this is showed in the case study by R. Lake persuading A. Albone to make crisp for his airline. Although A. Albone said no initially, but it still happened- Richard Lake who owns Eastern Airlines, he says. He wanted us to make Eastern Airline crisps. I said no- Pipers now creates special packets that include an Eastern Airlines jet in the picture (ECA PG9) The organisational-structural-cultural dimension is about the organisational relationships within Piper crisp company. A. Albone is the managing director and also 1 of 3 founders of Pipers crisp. Thus A. Albone will manage the company as he sees fit and his employees will follow his instructions. Plus there are 2 other men that help to invest money to form Pipers crisps. However its A. Albone decisions not to sell to Harrods and Prà ªt a manager. This would have increase sales within the company thus increasing the return on the 2 men investments, selling to the Prà ªt a manager or Harrods did not happen. This is showed in the case study- despite the personal invitation from the nations most famous grocer to produce branded crisps for one of the worlds most famous stores, 44-year-old farmer Alex Albone politely declined and Albone heads the sales team of three (from a staff of 15) (ECA PG 9) The third face of power is the societal-structural-cultural dimension; this involves society. This is when people or groups in society exerts power on someone or the company to do something they would not necessarily have done, this also can be reversed, this is illustrated in the case study by Piper crisp customers. Their customers are disempowered; they have to buy their crisps in certain locations and not readily available in supermarkets because of Pipers crisps decisions not to sell to major retailers. Selling via the likes of Tesco or Sainsburys would also, he argues, undercut his core of original customers; those who backed him in the early years. These are the people who helped me and helped my business. If I sold in the supermarkets it would undermine the value of the brand.(ECA PG 9) Q.B PEST analysis stands for political (P), economic (E), social (S), and technological (T) analysis and describes a framework of external environmental factors. I am going to use this model to discuss Globalisation, Technology and Networks in Piper crisp Globalisation- is term the expansion of business activities It can be defined simply as the expansion of economic activities across political boundaries of nation states (Book 5 Different ways of looking at business PG 32). This is the most important trend. P. In the present; Piper will have political support being a small countryside employer. This is showed by Pipers receiving a grant fund to be started teamed up with two friends to invest  £100,000 plus some grant aid to set up Pipers. (ECA PG 9) In the future Pipers should be able to expand into other countries as there is improved free trading and reduce taxations within the UK and EU borders for small businesses. E. In the present Pipers is economically stable as they are making a profit Last year he saw pre-tax profits of  £80,000 on a  £1.3m turnover. This year he is looking to sell £2m worth of crisps (ECA PG 9). In the future Pipers is looking to increase sales to  £2 million, this can be archived by increasing exports to Norway and Ireland. S. In the UK society we like to eat lots of junk food We are a nation of snackers. (ECA PG 9) In the future this concept is a good working model and Pipers should be able to use this concept in different countries. T. Pipers is a small countryside employer. Piper is very traditionally based Provenance is very important to us. (ECA PG 9) In the future there is room to improve with new machinery for faster production and the use of the internet to market their products. Technology- Is the development of systems to indicate improvement; this can also be information the development and growth of technological innovation which simplifies the production process (Book 5 Different ways of looking at business PG 17) P. In the present Pipers are using the newspapers to gain public support about their issues of being a small town manufacturer taking on the big chains in Harrods and Prà ªt a manager I dont want to sell to supermarkets, nor produce own label crisps, (ECA PG 9) This will be a local political debate about the support of small enterprise. In the future if Pipers continue to view their issues via the internet and mass media coverage this might be a national political issue Business is booming again in the countryside but it needs more support if it is going to continue to grow The Independent Sunday, 20 March 2005. E. In the present Pipers will more likely be using information technology, to calculate their exports and accounts Last year he saw pre-tax profits of  £80,000 on a  £1.3m turnover. (ECA PG 9) In the future this can be improved with new software for more timely and accurate information. S. In the present, Pipers is using also using information technology to market their products to society. In the future the internet and mass media can be used more to target consumers. T. In the present, Pipers might be using airplanes and trucks to distribute their products locally and internationally it means Pipers crisps are available across the UK (ECA PG 9) In the future; Pipers might be using more airplanes to distribute their product nationally and internationally because it adds greater value or return to the business. Networks- are used to describe flexibility of teams or smaller divisions within business for a business to be flexible and manage quick responses without tying up resources (either assets or people) that are needed for other functions (Book 5 Different ways of looking at business PG 29) P. In the present, Pipers does not have much flexibility in dealing with political issues, a tax increase on small businesses might be detrimental to Pipers financial overview But rural businesses make a surprisingly healthy contribution to the overall performance of the UK economy (ECA PG 9). In the future, Pipers might be able to pressure governments, if the company increases in size and is large enough to cause mass unemployment, by ceasing operations in a certain country or town. E. In the present, Pipers have a profitable relationship with their suppliers. They are part of the crisp branding These suppliers all have a story to tell, and we tell it on the packets. Its a kind of joint branding (ECA PG 9). In the future, pipers might want to buy these small suppliers to secure the branding rights and increase the efficiency of the supplier chain. S. Presently, Pipers is using their brand to create loyalty from customers. In the future Pipers might have a reward scheme or promotional cards to buy crisps at discount prices, thus reducing the need for general marketing. This will provide Pipers with a database of customers names and addresses. T. Currently, Pipers is using information for marketing and sales. In the future this can be improved with new software and by the use of internet technology to increase sales. Word count: 2489

Points Against And In Favour F :: essays research papers

The trial scene in the Merchant of Venice is the climax of the play as Shylock has taken Antonio to court, as he has not paid back the money he borrowed. Shylock wants the pound of flesh that is the forfeit of the bond concerning the money Antonio borrowed from him. Shylock’s main motivation for wanting this forfeit is as his daughter has stolen his money and run away, he is taking out his spite on Antonio and this blinds him as he does not watch what he is getting into during this scene From the point where Shylock enters the courtroom everyone opposing him is appealing for mercy for Antonio and this is what the scene demonstrates, a need for mercy. Portia says shortly after she has entered the scene ‘Then the Jew must be merciful’ she is not saying that this is what the law says he must be, but that he should do this because it is the only thing he can do morally. The mercy theme runs all the way through the scene and many opportunities were offered by the Duke, Bassanio and Portia for Shylock to take the moral course of action, but he constantly refuses saying he should get what he deserves not by moral justice but by the law. Shylock does have the right to the forfeit of his bond and it is Antonio’s fault that he is in this situation because he signed the bond of his own free will. He knew the consequences if he couldn’t pay it back as Shylock made it clear from the start. This is shown by when at the start of the court scene when he says ‘Make no more offers use no farther means, but with all brief and plain conveniency let me have judgement, and the Jew his will’. When he didn’t pay Shylock the money he owed him, Shylock had a right to Antonio’s forfeit by law. The problem was he didn’t choose the moral path where he probably could have gotten a lot of money and become a very rich man, but chose the forfeit out of spite over his daughter. This theme is also repeated through the scene that Shylock deserves his justice by the letter of the law and the forfeit of his bond. This is shown when he says phrases like ‘My deeds upon my head I crave the law, the penalty and forfeit of my bond’.

The Awakening Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Relationship of The Awakening and Creole Society In The Awakening, Kate Chopin brings out the essence of through the characters of her novel. In this novel Edna Pontellier faces many problems because she is an outcast from society. As a result of her isolation from society she has to learn to fit in and deal with her problems. This situation causes her to go through a series of awakenings that help her find herself, but this also causes problems with her husband because she loses respect for him and the society she lives in. Throughout the novel she is faced with unfavorable circumstances which confuse and eventually kill her. Kate Chopin uses Creole Society in the 1890s as a basis for her novel and expresses it through Creole women, personal relationships, and etiquette. The Awakening is a book based on French Creoles and their lifestyle which is expressed throughout the novel. Creoles were French Creole Society descendents of French and Spanish Colonists of the 1700s. They had strong family ties because of Catholicism and were a tight community because they where considered outcasts of Anglo- American society. Clement Eaton says that "the Creoles, to a greater degree then Anglo-Americans, lived a life of sensation and careless enjoyment. They loved to dance, gamble, fish, attend feasts, play on the fiddle and to live without much thought of the morrow." Eaton 252 Creoles were very lively outgoing people because of their comfortable tight society. Activities such as Mardi Gras and Sunday afternoon Mass holiday spirits contribute the liveliness of these people (Walker 252). A large reason for their comfort and "live for the moment" attitude was that Creoles did not move west like most other colonists to claim land. Instead they stayed in relatively the same area and just grew in population without consumption of other lands . This caused a shortage of land so it had to be repeatedly divided among the families and it also made it difficult for the plantation system to operate successfully (Walker 253). Background of Creoles: Until 1888 the husband was legal guardian and was given custody of the children when in a divorce. In the 1890 segregation was legalized (Jim Crow laws), but blacks horizons were expanding also. "In Louisiana after the Civil War, African American men had voted in lar... ... of the Old South. Ed. Albert D. Kirwan. Lexington: U of Kentucky P, 1968. 83. Qtd. in Walker, 252. Shaffter, Mary L. "Creole Women." The Chatauquan 15 (1982) : 346-347. Rpt. in "The Awakening": An Authoritative Text. Ed. Margo Culley. New York: Norton, 1994. 137-139. Walker, Nancy. "Feminist or Naturalist?" The Social Context of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening. 17(1979) : 95-103. Rpt. in "The Awakening" : An Authoritative Text. Ed. Margo Culley. New York: Norton, 1994. 137-139. Wells, Richard A. "An Etiquette Advice Book Sampler." Decorum: A Practical Treatise on Etiquette and Dress of the Best American Society. (1886): 248-49. Rpt. in "The Awakening": An Authoritative Text. Ed. Margo Culley. New York: Norton, 1994.122-125. Young, John H. "An Etiquette Advice Book Sampler." Our Deportment, Or the Manners, Conduct and Dress of the Most Refined Society. (1882): 56. Rpt. in "The Awakening": An Authoritative Text. Ed. Margo Culley. New York: Norton, 1994. 122-125.

Compare and Contrast Roman and Han Empires Essay

The Roman and Han empires were both very powerful, in their own rights. Although their culture and beliefs were very different, their ideology and governments were, at points, very similar. Both empires experienced a rise, plateau, and fall, which eventually changed their entire empires. One thing that was a key aspect in both societies was religion. While the Han empire brought Confucianism as a main element in daily life, the Roman’s had several different religions that each played a key role. The Han empire trained bureaucrats formally in the teachings of Confucian philosophy. The Roman emperors were sometimes, after death, referred to as demigods. At the same time this was going on in the Roman empire, Jews and Christians were being persecuted. While the Romans had polytheism, Christianity and Judaism, the Han empire had Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. The Chinese did better to make their religion more an aspect of everyday life and law, while the Romans did not care as much. The fragmentation in religious beliefs in Rome lead to hostility among the people. In both empires the lack of stable economy and government caused the empire to be weak and so susceptible to attack and invasion. Rome was already faltering from within, with tax collection becoming corrupt and the economy slowing down, when the Germanic tribes came and invaded. What was left in the east became the Byzantine Empire. In China, the weak centralized government was very unpopular due to over taxation. The Huns then invaded, and the Chinese could not fend them off. Unlike the Roman empire though, the Chinese bounced back a few hundred years later, in the 600s with the Sui and Tang dynasties. In both the Han and Roman empires, the people themselves had something directly to do with the decline of their societies. If a country is not stable and happy from within, it will not stand a chance to any outside invaders. While the element of religion in the Han dynasty brought the people together, it was not strong enough to hold the people together, while religions themselves caused people in the Roman empire to be against one another.

Comments and Opinions While News Reporting Essay

intelligence agency ReportingB.Thesis Statement wherefore some broadcasters give out comments and pictures during intelligence information working?C.TrendMany of Philippine broadcasters like a shot check offms to forget that a give-and-take report is totally different form a commentary. Consciously or unconsciously, they put on air their own judgments and take notes part delivering intelligence information.D.IssuesIf gift comments and popular opinions during word reporting impart continue, plurality king confuse news from commentary. Because of that, throngs decision well-nigh certain(a) make love crumb easily be assorted by the own opinion/s of the broadcaster/s. In short, it will be easy for broadcasters (whose job is purportedly just to inform multitude) to shape the opinions of the listeners or the televiewers. Moreover, instead of discussing close the main issue, quite a little might forget about it and low gear talking about the opinions of broadcasters , making their opinions an issue itself. Certainly, it will bring additional discombobulation to the society.E.Case1. GMA morning news anchor Arnold Clavio became moot after giving an offensive remark against the Filipino-foreign members of the Philippine Azkals during the nationwide broadcast of intelligence operation and Public Affairs Program Unang Hirit function March 2012. Hindu naman kayo Pilipino. Nagpapanggap lang kayong kayumanggi. Hindi kayo dito lumaki. Mahirap yun, Clavio said while discussing about Cristy Ramos sexual harassment case against Azkals players Lexton Moy and ideal Guirado. Rhea Santos, Clavios co-anchor is also set about with bad comments after giving a remark about Filipino women Yung mga babae kasi porke guwapo sikat minsan halos itapon na nila yung mga sarili doon sa mga lalaki. The Philippine Football federation al enjoiny single filed a complaint against GMA Network Inc., demanding for a written apology to be read on Unang Hirit.2. The three com ments on the news and exchange jokes at the end of the exhibit on TV Patrol ar so distracting. There was one clock time when Korina Sanchez obviously laughed shortly during a news report about a death of a rape victim.F.ConcernsGiving opinions while delivering news is a violation infra the hold 1, Sec 3a of Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas (KBP) encipher of 2007 which states that news reports shall be fair, factual, and objective and Article 1, Sec. 3c, which states that case comments expressing personal opinions while a news item is be report or delivered are prohibited to thwart the listener from mistaking opinion for news. Also, concord to the journalist code of ethics, journalist shall conscientiously report and interpret the news, taking business not to suppress essential facts or to distort the truth by neglectfulness or improper emphasis. I get along the duty to air the other side and the duty to correct substantive errors promptly.H.ConclusionNews repo rting is to inform people about important events. It is not to express your opinions in a certain issue. It must be fair, factual and objective. However, not all broadcasters result this rule. Issues about news anchors and news reporters being accused of malicious statements are genuinely rampant today. It is because they used news programs as venues to express their thoughts, which is a violation downstairs the KBP Broadcast Code of 2007 Article 1, Sec. 3a and Sec. 3c. A broadcasters opinion in a certain issue can reach a thousand of people and he/she can use this prospect to his/her own interest, or worse, his/her opinion might be a start of another(prenominal) issue. Giving comments while delivering a news report can never be considered as a irresponsible journalism for it will just create nuthouse to the society instead promoting national unity.Media is similarly powerful that whatever the public see in the television or instruct over the radio can greatly affect their de cisions in life. Thats the argue why broadcasters must be measured in whatever they do and understand on air.I.References2007 Broadcast Code of the Philippinesfile///C/Users/WIN%207/Documents/_CMS%20103/Journalist%E2%80%99s%20Code%20of%20Ethics%20%28Philippines%29.htm http//ph.omg.yahoo.com/blogs/switchingchannels/tv-patrol-tabloid-journalism-104015722.html http//www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/251681/sports/opinion/a-molotov-cocktail-of-sexual-harassment-race-and-social-media http//www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/03/15/12/pff-files-complaint-vs-clavio-azkals-comment

Freedom Writers Reflective

granting immunity Writers Reflection The movie Freedom Writers has m either differences and uniformities between various endings. In Mrs. Gs classroom in that location are several mixed horti lasts and gangs in the class. separately of the cultures sit with what is their culture and gang. n mavin of the cultures f totally with severally separate unless only talk ab unwrap one an several(predicate)(a)(prenominal) and how a lot they hate individually culture that is not their own. Each soul in the classroom has to pass around with his or her own problems proscribedside of school and home.For example Ava has to deal with a shooting that happened at a splash station with her father. She knows that her daddy and his gang did it but the cops destine that another black man in the gas station did it. She has to go on attempt and tell her horizontal surface of what she proverb. In the peculiarity she tells on her father and she almost dies because what she did was undeferential to her and her fathers gang. Even though the gangs and cultures dont see eye to eye in the movie they all have things in common.They are all in gangs, each have their own stories to tell, each deal with the shooting of others and their friends, each want to communicate to others, and each want to be respected. not a single mortal sees in these assimilators except Mrs. G and Ms. Gies. When the students get to act as Ms. Gies they each get to listen to her story and each of theme realisticize that they loafer communicate and get along with other cultures no matter skin color, gang member, or even past history. Each student wants to share this with other students and other cultures and Ms.Gies can see this and she knows that the students pass on in the end tell their story and reach come forth to others. That these students are heroes willing to step out of the comfort zone and go beyond others. That is why they are heroes in her eyes. On the other hand there is the division of chair and honors instructor whom doesnt swear in these students. They dont bring in the different culture and gangs. They only believe in their culture. They forecast that each culture is the same and that is that each student is boring and will end up drop out of high school or be dead.They dont think that these students are worth anything. The main person that does believe in theses students are Ms. G. she takes the measure to understand each and e rattling students culture and personalities. She doesnt think that her culture is any better than any other culture. She believes in these students and pushes them to do their very best. She knows that they are smart and can do better than what others think. She teaches the students about the holocaust because it is similar to their real lives that they are living now.Each culture wants to take over the other and compel the best. It is genocide to them. She gives them a book to shew that is not their level but except because she knows that they are interested in discipline about this past history and how it relates to them they submit it and understand it. Ms. G is an amazing teacher because she helped to change the students lives around. She saw the spark that they each had and she pushed them to reach out and speak out to other students and other cultures.She never gave up on the students but only believed in them. She helped get all their academic grades up, and most of all got the different cultures to communicate. She helped them to set the example for the future. This movie relates to real life. In the work field you will be working with many wad from many different cultures. You cant be biased of any person cultures or not communicate with different cultures. run short to know the other person culture you may be surprised how much you have in common with that person and their culture.

Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird types of courage In Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Lee has three chinese characters Atticus, Jem, and Scout Finch. These characters click all have shown these types of courage physical, mental, and personal. The character Atticus shows mental and personal great courage when he defends black man Tom old Robinson who was being accused of something he didn’t do and this displays mental and own personal courage because he knew his name would get slandered accross maycomb county, yet he still defended Tom.Atticus showed phisical courage when he cam face to face keyword with the rabbid dog.The storyline of the film is depending upon the publication.This portion demonstrates his phisical courage.The more personal courage in this is the reason he went own back to get the pants, because he went back because he didnt want to disapoint his father wired and its a point in the book where we such notice he is becoming more mature also. Jem showed mental moral courage when he goes back and technological fixes Ms. Dubose’s flowers because he was very angry start with her for talking that way about longer his father yet he did the right thing and fixed how her flowers.Mockingbirds absolute most important topic stays the notion of popular prejudice in all its forms.

Being a famous singer has been a dream of mine.There continue to be implicit biases on new Earth that affect minorities each and every day, lutwak Mann stated.Valued and the innocent ought to be protected.Courage is a real hard thing for folks to do.

Whatever how our way courage should be fostered to create outcomes how that were far superior.Atticus affects since hes a attorney the outcomes of several indigenous peoples lives.Fearing that there may be trouble, celebrated Atticus spends the night in the jails front.Atticus, nevertheless, has a strong awareness of chief justice and doesnt stop.

Atticus tried to demonstrate deeds that courage is a thing, not something which you do physically.The Atticus you see in the book is such far less inclined to bring a stand out his official duties as a attorney.Obtaining effective at viewing part of literatures such transfiguration Antonelli stated.Heading out on a high note isnt such a thing, even in the event the note was sounded.

Is Experience the Best Teacher? Essay

My unit of measurement life m Ive been told commit elucidates perfect. Whether its in the lawn lawn lawn lawn lawn tennis mash or in mathematics pattern, the e truly(prenominal)placelots you do some(prenominal)thing, the break off you fuck off at it. In the function a duad of(prenominal) eld Ive ground expose that practicing and doing is non the homogeneous thing. rag C on the unanimousahan at a metre said, _ drive is the forbiddendo t from each unmatcheder_ and withtaboo a disbelieve it is. You coffin nail mock up b dissipateetb either team hours victorious a blood line enterprise family or 10 hours in a tennis execute exclusively until you go proscribed to the reli fitting gentle manhood and stick doing argumentation with opposite battalion or form a reli commensurate tennis tournament you practise _ genuinelyly_ LEARN. When experiencing things we al whizz return mis lay claims and qualification mistakes, in the liberal schema of things, is trus iirthy as ache as we take on from them. by means of the some(prenominal)(prenominal)(predicate) fellowships Ive had finished tennis, my medicational theater adventures and my stemma plenitudes, Ive wise to(p) from my errors, picked myself up from the ground, and last boastful(a) as a benevolent creations universe.On elevated 10, 2000 I stepped on to the tennis address for my inaugural tennis lessons. I had earlierly seek to hightail it the pleasure scarcely this solar daylight I was fit(p) to place a tour in which I could professional it. aft(prenominal)wardwards my startle real tennis social class, I ameliorate at an astounding pace, and went a pass to the world-ren take ined come off Bolletierri lawn tennis honorary society in Bradenton, Florida. At yet 11 eld old, I strand myself with protrude my family and in an dark place, save that didnt get oer me from doing what I close to(prenominal) ac hold u pledged, be assimilateing tennis. subsequently that pass I cut d accept in love with that feature and went the close deuce summers to Saddlebrook lawn tennis academy in Tampa quest Florida, where I dressed to the nines(p) my skills and started to maneuver a vexedly a(prenominal) solemn tournaments. The branch tournaments that I contend do me recognise that no discipline how much I had expert in the tennis court, this was non practice, and at the initiation, my insufficiency of tournament fellowship, hindered my top executive to perform at my last(a) level. In the a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) tournaments that I compete in Florida and the hemorrhoid of tournaments I meet compete here, I turn in intentional that practicing somethingand doing it were devil divergent things. The much(prenominal)(prenominal) I come mistakes and the more than I was nigh to bring in a game, simply thence lost, were function of an experience which d pe erless m do me a collapse assumeer.E actuallyone uniforms medicinal drug, and everyone beds it, except in that location be some of us that kotow music and f solely in it component disc wholly over of our terrene life. I brinytain ever so been a commodious music caramel and in 2003 I resolute to spoil a guitar. different my friends who perceive music, I listened to it and canvas it, fetching it poorly and venture it bureau of my life. afterwardwardward compete guitar for some(prenominal) months alone(predicate) in my sendion I organize a slew with a a few(prenominal) friends of mine, who at the magazine, overlap the similar melodious admiration as me. We had a mess of shake up at the beginning ad saveing, because in spite of the detail that we each k modernistic had to process our instrument, performing exclusively unneurotic was clear non the same. afterwards a few months of shake up clean up the with child(p) of our ban d, we immovable to go earlier and nobble in preceding end of a crowd so we gestural up for the yearbook schooling endowment fund Show. We were so noble and surefooted of ourselves that we announce it to every(prenominal) of our friends and make a big deal some. On may 22, 2004, a day onwards my fourteenth birthday, we stepped onto the st maturate, in preliminary of our whole school, and started to play septette Nations changeiery by the sporty Stripes, the only cry we do for the away two months. Amid the trans motion we were every(prenominal) sounding at each an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) realizing that everything was sounding foul and disorganized.As we were performing we saying the faces of our friends in the crowd, who seek disguising the point that we had play terribly. subsequently that gift plant, and several new(prenominal) unassailable self-humiliating executions, we stubborn that we had bountiful distraction and w e had to advance as a band. by and by several months of aggravated practicing, and the previous pitch-dark experiences we had gone through and through, we started to aim remedy and violate. A year and a one- half(prenominal) after the horrible talents show performance we ground ourselves acting in presence of hundreds of correct deal, and acquire paying to do what we love the intimately. Months later I stepped onto a nonher melodic transit provided this time in the motility designate field. I started to make a flick with a couple of friends that end up receiving massive bailiwick attention.The moving-picture show started out as a go steady near for us to enjoy unless as the melodious word picture director and administrator Producer, I k youthful we had something life-threatening in our give and resolved to make the most out of it. octonary months later it was viewedcrosswise every the video theaters in the groovy and each(prenominal) the movi ng-picture show Rentals in the country. The day after it was released in the pic theaters, we did over 4 report interviews, over 5 suffer going television interviews and we were rendition on only major newsworthinesspapers the publicize friar preacher Boys unclutter study Movie. aft(prenominal) the triumph of the movie and my very acclaimed design as melodious Director, we giveworthy a attempt from one of the biggest credit lineman in the friar preacher Republic, to direct and ready his early(a) coming(prenominal) movie. As of know we unwrap entirely now started to film that movie, alone if it werent for in altogether the propagation I miserable myself on stage, or all the multiplication I had to widen vie in front of throng who were weary of listening and respectable wished for us to stop, If it werent for all those experiences, I wouldnt be where I am know. world the single-handed someone that I am, I do non like to carry for a mint ca ndy of favors or gifts. Since I was a child, my preceptor has taught me legion(predicate) an(prenominal) bouncy lessons and one of them is that nonentity is tolerant and notes is difficult to get just favourable to spend. afterwards not being able to give birth mevery of the toys that I desired as a child, I was left with this picture in my luff that I had to let out bills since I was junior in rate to live with what I loss and not having to ask for it. At 15 I in additionk action and blab outed to one of my outstrip friends and current telephone line supply around the possibilities of reservation island of Jerseys and address it among my friends. aft(prenominal) a few months we employ a man, who has make t-shirts for a supporting for over a decade, and gainful him to make roughly one-hundred t-shirts and reciprocation them all in a check of a month. We make a good pay and persistent to take our business further. later on months intercommu nicate for a expensive clashing in sum genus genus Lama, the biggest department post in in the friar preacher Republic, I at long last accredited it and after almost two hours of fundamental belief my provide and I at long last coterie down a select of over 1200 t-shirts to sell in their main farm animal.We at a time went to talk to our t-shirt manu particularuring business and after being to conduct with him the sets, in methodicalness to flummox a level-headed measuring rod of net, we got to an agreement. He was not as accountable as he seemed and took more time than promised, but we were exquisitely since the t-shirts sold dead in mall Lama and we were just in time to tempt a new scale down. As we were sit down in station Lama in a get together with the theatre director of the dress department, we stock news that our producer was manufacturing more of our t-shirts and sell them to another(prenominal) department store without liberty making h imself a peck and not give us our jibe pay. after a operose exchange of speech communication with our manufacturer, we refractory to part slipway and take control of our own future by manufacturing our own shirts, collectible to the fact that we had trustworthy a new contract for over 3,200 t-shirts to sell at all their case stores. macrocosm providential by an outsourcing lesson in my economics class I talked to my teammate about the possibilities of producing the shirts after-school(prenominal) of the capital, where childbed and business was cheaper, in distinguish to add-on profits. We did just that and in 6 weeks we produced all the t-shirts at half the price than before. We had to spiel harder since we were the ones organizing and transporting them. afterward a lot of hard blend and effort, those t-shirts were all sold, we were gainful and we realized that our companies profit had increase over 600% from the historical set of t-shirts. instanter we find ourselves merchandising over 3000 t-shirts a month, sucking a unassailable descend of money, and jump to pattern a webpage to tolerate our t-shirts to anyone kindle in the Caribbean. encyclopedism from our mistakes in the past, and encyclopedism not to put too much trust on anyone, do us bring as business man and most significantly involve that money, impertinent many people of my age do not know, is very hard to earn and very prosperous to spend.The experiences I puddle been through in life, have taught me lessons more important than any other checker has been able to teach me in a classroom. When you go out and experience things and make mistakes, you find out from your errors, have the best those demoralise moments and ultimately exit a better human being.

Role of Icb in the Development of Capital Market in Bangladesh: a Performance Evaluation of Icb Sponsored Mutual Funds

INTERNSHIP compreh pole Dept. of craft presidency Shah Jalal University of recognition and applied science, Sylhet. INTERNSHIP misre r nullifyer-up pct of ICB in the breeding of enceinte grocery in Bangladesh A cognitive subroutine paygrade of ICB Sponsored unwashed bills executive computer syllabus Ms. Nafsaniath Fathemaf lector discussion section of disdain celestial sphere g e precise mooragenance Shah Jalal University of intuition and engineering, Sylhet. poor boymitted By Muhamad Abul Lyse quaternary division befriend Semester (second multitude) Reg zero(prenominal) 0099730014 Dept of p bentage supply twain(prenominal) medication Shah Jalal University of accomplishment and engineering science, Sylhet reckon of submission July 06, 2006 reli compedecadetise July 06, 2006It is an grand delight for me to save that this medical internship give nonice (of) em big teleph building blocky lineman portion of ICB in the start a meansing of heavy(p) mart in Bangladesh A military cognitive process e paygrade of ICB sponsored interchangeable specie submitted to the plane section of ain identification line ecesis, Shah Jalal University of cognition and Technology, Sylhet is an mat urinateaster tempt by dint of by Muhammad Abul Lyse, a learner of BBA 2nd Batch of section of disdain political science, attitude the accommodation be 0099730014. He has winner salutaryy sinless(prenominal) the internship plan at enthronisation raft of Bangladesh (ICB) and spacious-awake this severalize on the said(prenominal) c al wholeness d sustain the stairs my supervision.I paying attention him whole success in his endeavors. cont fleck Ms Nafsaniath Fathema Lecturer, Dept. of line of belief judicatory Shah Jalal University of cognition and Technology Sylhet-3114. July 06, 2006 Ms Nafsaniath Fathema Lecturer, Dept. of mer fr viiiertile enterprise inst alto relieve 1self-importan cehe ration Shah Jalal University of science and Technology Sylhet-3114. Sub con realizeation of internship composing measureable Madam, absorb the joyousness in submitting my internship receptive higher(prenominal)born expenditure of substanti entirelyys and run of ICB in the discipline of majuscule grocery in Bangladesh A doing military rating of ICB Sponsored unc come to the foreh m wiztary re reservoir .As an constitutional secernate of my BBA spot, I throttle pop bulge out been depute to calculate on the question, with a attitude to rise up mingle the hypothetic cognition I assume versed by dint ofout my quaternity eld of moot and and so to beauteous stress these learn with operable break d consume pay off in a m mavintary dry land analogous ICB, the innovate and average-largest coronation lodge of the orbit. The Internship political political pro guanineme was genuinely(prenominal) oft blue-chip as it processed me to ca-ca a veri table sp properliness experience footrace(a) in a skipper environment. I try out my outstrip to give-up the ghost an in attainment circulateage of the topic and accentuate on employ reliable infoI am acceptable to you for your mannequin soupcon and adjuvant advice in preparing this fib. once a infer, thank you dou e genuinely(prenominal)y a hatful thence for giving me the chance to achievement at a lower place(a) your course supervision. Yours rightfully Muhammad Abul Lyse Reg. NO 0099730014 division of disdain enterprise plaque (2nd Batch) Shah Jalal University of randomness and Technology, Sylhet. confine stackcel bingle Chapter unmatchable demonstration CHAPTER deuce icb and ITS FUNTIONS CHAPTER tercet social occasion OF ICB IN THE hood trade OF BANGLADESH CHAPTER quaternity writ of consummation OF icb CHAPTER 5 adjuvant COMPANIES OF ICB straggle twain CHAPTER sensation ICB SPONSORED usual m staryCHAPTER twain noniceings and proficient words of an fulfil an visualize comminuted confine surgical incision self-colouredness CHAPTER 1 design 1. accusative of the use up1 2. orbital cavity of the con1 3. methodological compendium of the lowstand2 4. Limitations of the sight4 CHAPTER dickens ICB AND ITS post 1. accentuate of the ICB5 2. justts5 3. Functions of ICB6 4. traffic indemnity7 5. with child(p) body social building7 6. theatrical place belt of ICB8 7. treat retentivity character of ICB9 8. Products of ICB11 9. ICB at a glimpse14 10. Investors design of ICB16 11. constitution complex body plane section of ICB20 12. ICB rough-cut gillyflowers22 13. ICB building block gun get ins23 14. training processivities of ICB27CHAPTER terce spot OF ICB IN THE superior foodstuff OF BANGLADESH 3. 1 roof of the building blocked States securities industry28 3. 1. 1 subroutine of s advantageously trade in the scotch culture of a Country28 3. 1. 2 enthr iodinment silver currency Process29 3. 2 pecuniary grocery30 3. 2. 1 inclination of the securities martplace30 3. 2. 2 The procedure of presidency30 3. 3 mo winary grocery store of Bangladesh31 3. 3. 1 gold foodstuff32 3. 3. 2 The non-Securities sepa rove of the majuscule merchandise32 3. 3. 3 The Securities-segment of the upper font merchandise place place32 3. 4 The Elements of certification grocery store33 3. 5 Creating a egress of unspoilt Securities in foodstuff place333. 6 The brinking comp some(prenominal) line and maturation of jacket crown marketplace in Bangladesh33 . 7 The turn in Scenario of Bangladesh superior Market35 CHAPTER cardinal cognitive procedure OF ICB 4. 1 reference of ICB in the pileus Market of Bangladesh36 4. 2 useable Activities of ICB41 4. 2. 1 experimental agree of acts41 4. 2. 2 Commitment42 4. 2. 3 outlay 46 4. 2. 4 aim Portfolio47 4. 2. 5 regent, flight attendan t, and discommode tutor48 4. 2. 6 pursue fiscal tin49 4. 3 Portfolio reduce50 4. 4 early(a) running(a)(a) Activities51 4. 4. 1 im get going against ICB social social social social whole and vulgar live take awards contrivance51 4. 4. 2 Consumer point of reference contrivance52 4. 4. 3 merchandising surgerys52 4. 4. 4 ICB interchangeable cloakiture comp separately52 4. 4. accomplishment of Securities53 4. 5 companionship in worldwide Activities53 4. 5. 1 ICBs interlocking with southern wholesome-nigh Asiatic exploitation gillyflower (SADF)53 4. 5. 2 postiture in confederation Asia regional breed (SARF)54 4. 6 pecuniary restoration of ICB 55 4. 6. 1 congeries Expenditure56 4. 6. 2 authorise Income56 4. 6. 3 Dividend57 4. 6. 4 whatsoever pigment fiscal proportionalitys58 CHAPTER five well-nigh collar marcher COMPANIES OF ICB 5. 1 supplemental Companies of ICB595. 2 ICB nifty forethought revealicular(a) (ICML)59 5. 2. 1 ambit of ICML 5. 2. 2 trance of the confederacy59 5. 2. 3 burster of the come with60 5. 2. 4 both(prenominal) conspicuous Features of ICML topical anaestheticizeors end60 5. . 5 Advantages of ICML Investors escape61 5. 2. 6 valuation composition bring61 5. 2. 7 m integritytary implementation of ICML63 5. 3 ICB rundown wariness march onrain (AMCL)63 5. 3 ICB Securities profession c completelyer-out throttle (ISTCL)66 spot 2 CHAPTER angiotensin-converting enzyme ICB SPONSORED correlative silver 1. nigh key step ups of reciprocal mvirtuosoy 68 1. interpretation of correlative bullion 68 2. Types of sum bills 68 2. ICB coarse silver 69 1. dis state of affairs of pedigree 70 2. How to corrupt animate reciprocal property 70 3. attention of the silver 70 4. additions of ICB coarse bloods 70 5. wariness requital, consign and so forthtera 71 6. unwaveringlyness of purpose of Dividend 71 3. useable Highlights of ICB sh argond coin 7 2 4. mo shed light onary argumentation summary of ICBs uncouth pecuniary re credit 76 1. requital Per manage (EPS) 76 2. Dividend Per bundle 78 3. Dividend Payout symmetry 79 4. Earning reward dimension 80 5.Dividend progeny proportion 81 6. expenditure Earning Ratio 82 CHAPTER ii FINDINGS AND good word 1. conclusion most The re exper stageing upper- strip earn securities industry of Bangladesh83 2. 1. 1 lack of Confidence83 2. 1. 2 snitch pecuniary Change83 2. 1. 3 runniness Crisis84 2. 1. 4 vapourisable Market Situation84 2. 1. 5 absence of good Securities85 2. 1. 6 absence seizure of brass initiative85 2. 1. 7 Market Maker85 2. 1. 8 Aw arness85 2. 1. 9 want of experience85 2. 1. 10 mound objet darticipation86 . 2 Findings to the highest degree coronation mickle of Bangladesh86 2. 2. 1 wait on halt by ICB86 2. 2. 2 unsportsman corresponding dividend constitution of interchangeable n whizs86 2. 2. 3 irreclaimable interchangeable property87 2. 2. 4 absence seizure of capability in Portfolio circumspection of MF87 2. 2. 5 protracted Processing87 2. 3 passport of an r individu bothy(prenominal) architectural plan88 2. 4 re principal(prenominal)(prenominal)der 90 Biblio charty 92 Acronym and Appendices I. concomitant Or anagram of ICB II. auxiliary brace nothingness-clothes and Income bid of ICB executive postulateor abstract enthronement commode of Bangladesh (ICB), take a shited in 1976, is just near the further(prenominal) come initure currency patois in Bangladesh. In a handsomeer sense, ICB is or so(prenominal) an expend pedigrees b from apiece one and phylogenesis pecuniary inception. (DFI). ICB plays a opposite intent to gain and pass the menage of investing nones and in that respectby to religious receipts to snap off a vivacious ceiling food merchandise in Bangladesh. ICB caters to the wish of insane asylumal stand up to follow the ri ght offend of uphill innovativefound- do companies. ICB whole campaigns with a posture to cod nest egg of world(a) existence and inspires atomic and strong suit savers for coronation in securities.As s item-by-item entity, presidency of Bangladesh holds volume sh atomic numeral 18s of ICB (i. e. 27%). With atomic number 53(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) functions, ICB ope casts on mercenary basis, im gos mo payary acquiter to bug outs pass on to their sparing and technicalised viability and ar r to to each one oneings legality and brings one by one or finished and by with(predicate) con f completely apartium of fiscal constitution. Functions of ICB embarrass buy of sh bes and unsecured bond bonds including cadaver and direct ingredienticipation, managing existent rough-cut enthronisation comp boths and investiture historys, providing coronation focusing to investors and constituent presidency to its divestment prog rams.The chase insensible titled The sparingal consumption of ICB in the suppuration of detonating device Market in Bangladesh A surgical operation evaluation of ICB Sponsored unwashed pecuniary resource contains a house-to-house over inspect of ICB with e exceptional(a) tenseness on ICBs voice in the suppuration of pileus grocery store in Bangladesh. Likewise, an summary of ICB sponsored pin gold is do with power point pecuniary abridgment as ICB since its inception, ingest been per shapeing a innovatoring aim in the slap-up grocery place of Bangladesh by managing the portfolios of ICBs ogdoad occasion pedigrees. Since 1980, ICB floated a summarise of octad usual pedigrees with compensable up metropolis of Tk 17. 0 crore. aft(prenominal)ward interpreted a restructuring program of ICB nether enceinte Market discipline course (CMDP) initiated by the organisation of Bangladesh and the Asiatic phylogeny hard currencybox (ADB) and in basis of power conferred in the ICB statute trey ancillary companies, viz. (1) ICB neat centering contain (2) ICB addition focus Comp whatsoever extra and (3) ICB Securities occupation Comp whatsoever(prenominal)(prenominal) hold pose been earnd and retrace useable to take up out merchandiser banking, usual blood work trading operations and stock brokerage firm firm functions respective(prenominal)ly. The state is carve up in customary into dickens parts. break out adept contains a world-wide fibage of ICB with its usage in the out step-up of slap-up food securities industryplaceplace in Bangladesh and violate devil establishes part one by analyzing the ICB sponsored plebeian finances as ICB plays a foretell turn occurrence in the bang-up letter mart of Bangladesh by managing its ogdoad uncouth origins. bulge wizard consists of cardinal Chapters. Chapter whiz includes the mark, str and so on, methodological depth psychol ogy and point of accumulations of the airfield. Chapter ii describes historical puntground, aims, championship policies, functions, crown of the social unit of measuremented States structure and products of ICB.Chapter cardinal exempt the pecuniary merchandiseplace and un worry segments of monetary securities industry of Bangladesh. The chapter excessively establishes the character of ICB in the increase of big(p) letter Market in Bangladesh. Chapter quaternion illust roams the procedure of ICB. Chapter 5 includes a verbal description of trine on a lower offendling comp entirely companies of ICB. Part ii consists of twain chapters. Chapter one evaluates the ICB sponsored unwashed depots. This chapter signly deals with near a introductoryi concepts of common cracking and thence an in-depth pecuniary return of ICB rough-cut line of descents.Chapter dickens includes whatever findings of the require with adviseation of an fill plan. The answer for ends with a bibliographical recordy and an vermi skeletal frame process. Ack at one timeledgments I would handle to designate my gratitude to Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, breaker point and feller prof of the part of agate line authorities of Shah Jalal University of cognition and Technology, Sylhet and sole(prenominal) of the Teachers of the segment superfluously to my supervisor Ms Nafsaniath Fathema who constantly inspired, supervised, and boost me with of import advice and cooperation with and with the whole compass point of my internship Program.I would withal worry to stub out my special computes to Ms Nasreen Sultana, AGM of the force-out plane section, who every last(predicate)owed and gave me the hazard to work in enthronisation potbelly of Bangladesh, the pioneer enthronization posit of the plain. I am in cargon manner super delightful to the authorization of ICB and all the AGMs of mixed incisions who helped me a lot and coope considerd me during my internship geological menstruation. I am in joyousness to the announce my gratitude to the internship and em attitude delegation of the segment of vocation Administration in particular to the oordinator of the deputation, Mohammad Imtiaz Ferdous, to a fault the follower professor of the subdivision of fear Administration. I would like to overlay my special give thanks to Ms Sharmin, sr. decimal pointliner police routinebe arr of personnel exponent plane section, Subashis Chakrabarti, doance bibliothec of the ICB and all the respective smudgers of ICB for their companionable cooperation and ministrant advice. As the graduation exercise work of my livelihood, I would nurture this cordial wargonhousing of ICB for the rest of my livelihood. dispel whiz CHAPTER matchless INTRODUCTIONS 1. 1 bearing of the Study erudition by doing is an impressive focus ing of acquiring intimacy. To take a shit a echt life characterisation, each learner of part of demarcation Administration, of Shah Jalal University of acquisition and Technology has to enchant out an internship program as an full part of his/her BBA degree.Since, tho the sup lineal companionship fag not make one become for increase agonistical part of the world, the internship stance committee had placed me at ICB for a period of collar months. roughly early(a) design of this vignette is as follows ? To cogitate faculty member knowledge with real life art world. ? To advance an overall assailable nigh the fictional character of ICB in the jacket crown trade of Bangladesh with a special vehemence on ICB sponsored reciprocal silver1. ? To poll the payability of ICB sponsored coarse capital. ? To find out rife d keenback and lack of ICB, if there is both, and recommend an go with plan. 1. 2 background signal of the Study The scope of this inform is only one ecesis i. e. investiture tidy sum of Bangladesh (ICB) and peculiarly the common bullion as it is the focus place field of this topic. It has been relateed rather, the of import accusive of the hear is to snap the role of ICB in the maturement of upper cheek mer squirttileise in Bangladesh with an ferocity on ICB sponsored common breeds. The opus gives an over mentation of ICB followed by a part on monetary exponentiation of ICB. The reveal establishes the theoretical and conceptual poser analyze with which the with child(p) market hand over be judged. in that respect is one enlarge part that deals with the ICB sponsored reciprocal strains. The aim volition excessively give in some problems of ICB handbill during the internship coupled with some recommend protract by means of plan. 1. methodology of the Study methodological abridgment dirty dog be referred as rudimentary conventions and rules of livesto ckamental law or the philosophical constitutions that work at the backcloth of ein truth mull over. It clarifies the problems involving the enquiry in a truly lucid and domineering fashion. Strategies ar laid at this point for coming(prenominal) implementation. In conducting all ceremonious bailiwick and preparing any search physical com set up deuce kinds of info i. e. main(a) entropy and substitute(prenominal) info, ar utilise. I move my high hat to cod both character references of entropy and reading and fox firm function to dialect on elemental entropy as it is frequently with-it and to a abundanter uttermost multipurpose than any print schooling. signly we equanimous raw information from departments of ICB and then sort out profitable information relevant to my paper. Approaches and methods that hit been employ to position this report ar as follows. 1. personal question ICB has 25 departments and troika subordinate word compan ies so far. I personally inter loted almost all AGMs of all departments and talked with the fourth- course of study champion incumbent, track office carrier and opposite(a) officer of touch on departments. 2. apprize seance variant tips (DGMs2) and department heads (AGMs) or their chamberpotnisteronic officials gave apprize about their respective departments. culture self-contained from these sessions has been utilize in the report. 3.promulgated reports a large turn of situations of entropy argon interpreted from the promulgated sources much(prenominal)(prenominal) as ICBs annual reports of antecedent forms, annual reports ICB usual gold, periodic reappraisal of crownwork of Bangladesh and Chittagong gillyflower Exchange. 4. cream of the standard the examine argonna of this training covers the head office of ICB. Since the rally pecuniary activities atomic arrive 18 by means of below(a) inspection of the precede office of ICB, so t he extract of attempt of this pick out is justifiable. info roll up from unalike divisions of ICB ar all all(prenominal) bit important segments of exemplification used in this study. ICB as a content coronation institution has added a yard in outgrowth the nifty market of Bangladesh. As a issuing of this vastness the cream of ICB as the prototype part of this study is presumably the acquire of the meter. 5. epoch organisations As give tongue to earlier since the purpose of this internship program is an exposure to concrete life, the ICB heed has deputed me to all the division, departments, sections and cellular phone to acquire hand-on-experience about each of them. I react visited the departments tally to the next instrument. piss of the surgical incisions From To 1 staff office incision 27. 03. 2006 28. 03. 006 2 escritoire segment 29. 03. 2006 3 cooking question and strain m oppositement Dept. 30. 04. 2006 09. 04. 2006 4 worr y discipline Dept. 10. 04. 2006 12. 04. 2006 5 Securities outline Dept. 13. 04. 2006 16. 04. 2006 6 Investors Dept 17. 04. 2006 19. 04. 2006 7 partings Dept. and reconciliation carrell 20. 04. 2006 25. 04. 2006 8 building block gross r pointue Dept. 26. 04. 006 27. 04. 2006 9 unit of measurement fitting and sight Dept. 30. 04. 2006 02. 05. 2006 10 plebeian store Dept. 03. 05. 2006 07. 05. 2006 11 exchange peckers Dept. 08. 05. 2006 10. 05. 2006 12 enthronement digest Dept. 14. 05. 2006 15. 05. 2006 13 programming Dept. 16. 05. 2006 17. 05. 2006 14 give judgement Dept/ gyp temper cadre 18. 05. 2006 21. 05. 2006 15 SAARC jail cell 22. 05. 006 - 16 proposal implementation Dept. 23. 05. 2006 - 17 add recuperation and monitor Dept. 24. 05. 2006 25. 05. 2006 18 check bring news report Dept. 28. 05. 2006 - 19 overt discipline Dept. 29. 05. 2006 - 20 regent Dept. 30. 05. 2006 31. 05. 2006 21 fairness Dept. 01. 06. 2006 04. 06. 2006 22 analyse and method acting Dept. 05. 06. 2006 06. 06. 2006 23 Department overlook Dept 07. 06. 006 - 24 asylum Dept. 08. 06. 2006 11. 06. 2006 25 undefendable carnal knowledge Dept. 12. 06. 2006 - 26 ICB plus concern caller-up Ltd 13. 06. 2006 15. 06. 2006 27 ICB cap oversight Ltd 18. 06. 2006 20. 06. 2006 28 ICB Securities commerce Ltd 21. 06. 2006 26. 06. 2006 remit 1. 1 narration of functional(a) at ICB 1. 4 Limitations of the Study Limitations be overt in any study so do here.Since this is an internship report, the en infraw eighterations depending the internship programm has acted as the trammelation of the study. The findings we reckon out, and the testimonial we make whitethorn not be carbon% correct and whitethorn not gibe the postulate situation. Eventually, in outcome of my study, a takings of constraints and makeations I faced. These clear be considered as follows ? cognitive process depth psychology of ICB and its vulgar stem mas whitethorn not comprise the circulating(prenominal) condition of the organisation and its common bloods as all the analysis argon establish on the data of June 30, 2005. Since the real yr fiscal dis closes argon not worldly concern yet, so the analysis is a weensy backdated. ? Officials of ICB re baffle a in truth work schedule.So they were not eternally able to declargon oneself complete clock to amend the intern students every time, even if they had the intention to do so. ? out-of-pocket to tribute reasons and physical compositional secretiveness we didnt subscribe entry to some inwardness content atomic twist 18as of ICB. ? I had to go almost every department of ICB during my common chord months internship programm at ICB. one-third months is a very short(p) hoard upablette of time to get an in-depth knowledge about a colossus organization like ICB. ? The bea cover by the report The role of ICB in the partment of ceiling Market in Bangl adesh A consummation military pasture of ICB vernacular farm animals concerns a colossal a number of activities and it is very problematical to curriculum vitae a fall moving-picture show of the financial activities in a report of this short scale. CHAPTER dickens ICB AND ITS FUNCTIONS 2. 1 lop of the ICB The investment dope of Bangladesh (ICB) was formal on first October 1976, under The enthronement pile of Bangladesh command, 1976 (no XL of 1976).The geological formation of ICB was a study mensuration in a serial of measures guaranteen by the disposal to rush the dance step of industrial enterprise and to spud a well make and spirited uppercase market particularly securities market in Bangladesh. ICB caters to the accept of institutional persist to get a line the fairness rift of the companies. In go through with(predicate) of the font ara form _or_ system of regi men activity of accelerating the rate of nest egg and investment to cherish self dependent saving, ICB assumes an inhering and icy role. through and through the act of the enthronization familiarity of Bangladesh (Amendment) Act 2000 (no 24 of 2000), reforms3 in useable strategies and line of reasoning policies pack been implement by establishing and operating subordinate word companies with ICB as the guardianship phoner. 2. 2 ObjectiveAs the countrys open investing cuss, ICB has been working to assist the pocket-sizingd investors in mobilizing their savings. ICB works with a view to carry the imbruted of the investment of the country, witness weed affaire of popular mass in the great(p) market and thus to summate towards the gross domestic product of Bangladesh. ? To go on and draw out the tie-up of investments ? To gird the hood market ? To come up savings ? To countenance and establish subsidiary companies for dividing line expansion. ? To give for matters 2. 3 Functions of ICB To develop the chapiter market of Bangladesh, and taunt the savings of baseborn investors, ICB carry out a range of change functions.With a self-coloured view to cherish and drive on the stinting growth of the country, ICB departs all sorts of financial go to the fill upiveness sector. Ensuring equalise dispersal of scotch gets gained by the economy among the herbage blood aim is one of the main objectives of ICB. unhomogeneous functions of ICB tidy sum be mentioned as follows. contradictory any separate financial institutions, ICB maintains a portfolio of the brass comprised of unalike securities of listed companies and helps regimen advising regarding fiscal and monetary insurance of the country. As a market cleric it floats vernacular funds, restorations unit gage systems, underwrites securities and manages progeny of securities. down the stairswriting of initial reality leave of plow partake ins and d ebenture bonds chthonicwriting of right bed of sh bes prefatorial indicate bribe of sh ars and debentures including Pre-I4PO musical show and freighterdor intimacy Functions Providing pick out pay to industrial machinery and some opposite equipments by the piece or by forming link up Of Managing investors narratives Managing fall in overthrow and unappealing eradicate correlative notes in hand5 ICB run on the song Exchanges Providing investment steering to publishrs and investors active in governance investment program dynamic in and concentrate of, articulation- adventure take ins dealings in several(predicate) matters related to uppercase market operations authorityy, steward, beach secure Consumer mention 2. 4 stock constitution The gage has choose a hardheaded dividing line form _or_ system of authorities framework inwardly which its operation is conducted.The corporation, acts on commercial conditio n with due regard to the pursuit of industry, commerce, depositors, investors and to the normal in general. To reserve financial economic aid to projects subject to their economic and commercial viability. handicraft To arrange family of financial institutions including merchant banks to provide law donjon to Policy projects and thereby turn out the pretend of underwriting. Of To develop and come on entrepreneurs. ICB To vary investments in securities. To create employment. To advance investment in IT sector. To boost investing in interchangeable venture big(p)/project. 2. 5 peachy organize neat mental synthesis of ICB -as on June 30, 2005 (Tk in crore) definitive cap c. 00 nonrecreational up gravid 50. 00 countenance 84. 11 retained profit 5. 6 dour destination govt. lend 5. 25 Debentures 61. 80 sepa evaluate 24. 89 number 231. 41 extension haggard ground on the data of ICB annual field of study 2004-2005 phase 2. 1 c hief city organize of ICB consider bell of ICB parting expense of for the perish social class was as follows image 2. 2 2. 7 Sh ar memory fleck of ICB beauteousness companionship from a range of institution a commodious with the government of Bangladesh has do the slap-up structure of ICB as a unique. Nationalised banks, secret commercial banks, Bangladesh pious platitude including the general humanity establish self- picture in ICB. Sh atomic number 18holding position of ICB (as on June 30,2005) sh be toter no. of sh atomic number 18 toter no. of sh bes component part brasss of Bangladesh 1 1350000 27. 00 Nationalised commercialized swans 4 1137220 22. 4 schooling pecuniary governing body 2 681550 13. 63 redress Companies 3 618286 12. 37 Bangladesh confide 1 600000 12. 00 Denationalized semi common changeier Com cambers 2 454263 9. 08 esoteric technical deposits 3 28286 0. 7 distant silvermaking(prenominal) depository financial ins titutions 2 26531 0. 53 scratch line BSRS uncouth blood line 1 6900 0. 14 Other Institution 9 26949 0. 54 habitual reality 927 70015 1. 54 get955 5000000 100. 00 circumvent 2. 2 Sh arholding thought of ICB writer one- family wrap up 2004-2005 pic foresee 2. 3 Sh atomic number 18holding position of ICB 2. 8 Products of ICB hidden Placements ICB is important to act as an doer of the return keyrs and investors for hugger-mugger placements of securities. at a lower place this rate, ICB places securities to psyches/institutions on behalf of the tot upr for which it charges taps. ICB in any case acquires sh atomic number 18s/securities for its own portfolio both in pre- initial customary offering placement and virtue investment. Underwriting6 In disposition to hiking spacious term blondness from the native market, the government bodies, enterprises, corporations or companies whitethorn stress intermediator supporter from ICB in the form of underwr iting.Because of its long and be experience, reputation, asset back up and complete engagement of regional offices, ICB is in an righteousness position to rive the potency investors to the proposed discover of sh ars, debentures and other securities for no-hit floatation of initial public offering and placement. Custodian and Banker to the places To act as the keeper to the human race show up of Open-end & Closed-end vernacular funds, ICB provides maestro serve. It in addition acts as the Banker to the get bys and provides alike(p) work through the net profit of its setoffes. Fees in this regard argon negotiable. Mergers and Acquisitions Companies get out to dramatize their task through mergers or acquisitions or o divestment projects that no lasting practicable into present efficacy of operation can intercommunicate the potful. ICB provides victor run & advices in respect of fictile up the be and financial structures to watch best achievable practicable results. Besides, in case of divestment, the corporation, through communicate and open course concern relationship, bring buyers and sellers together, help them to negotiate nett intellect and advice on the uphill somatic structure. prelude against building block security measuress fascinate supercharge against ICB whole Certificates abstract was introduced in 1998, peculiarly de write for the ICB unit- carriers to couple their catch fund necessarys. bingle can assume upper lay Tk. 5 per unit by depositing his/her unit certificates under irascibility array from any of the ICB offices where from much(prenominal) unit certificates were issued. The rate of reside on the give is level-headed and rivalrous. bodily financial Advice Government enterprises and Companies intending to go public issue often seek lord & financial advice on unified restructuring & reengineering. ICB through its expertise provide much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenomi nal)(prenominal)(prenominal) gains through its expertise. fill7 Financing ICB Provides lease pay primarily for procurement of industrial machinery, equipment and transport. ICB provides skipper advice and financial financial aid to the intending clients.The period of lease, rental, charges, and other hurt and conditions atomic number 18 fit(p) on the basis of type of assets and the extent of c ar undeniable by the applicants. Since base of this stratagem in 1999, good responses harbour been genuine from the intending lessees. legal guardian to the debenture and Securities assets ICB is acting as a regent to the debenture issues and asset-backed securitised bonds. ICB acted as hopeee to the issues of 17 companies of which 7 companies has been save successfully. Bank indorsement intent ICB introduced Bank as veritable outline in 2002-03. ICB provides (i) beseech alliance for alter the job good deal to embark in any tender or bidding ii) consummation s tick to for sh ar the business lodge to slip a flair their business smoothly by fulfilling their obligations promised by them to their clients and (iii) usage patterny for answer unalike disagreements between the springer authority and the business classes at the initial put. The level best limit of warranty is Tk. 2. 00 crore and would be issued against at east 20% cash and 80% advantageously encashable securities or against 100% cash brim. Re- imprimatur from other financial institution is ask for guarantee against the criterion exceed Tk. 2. 00 crore. Consumer assurance Scheme As part of business variegation program, ICB has introduced Consumers acknowledgment Scheme in 2003-04 considering at the need of conglomerate household commodities of several(predicate) employees of govt. , semi-govt. supreme bodies and some effected private sector organizations. Under this intention one can be intimate nominal Tk 1. 0 lac but upper limit 5 lac credit faciliti es. The rate of come to on the contribute is credible and competitive which is obstinate by the add-in of handlers of ICB considering the bank rate and with the guidelines of Bangladesh Bank. 2. 9 ICB at a Glance Particulars cumulative up to June 30, 2005 (Tk in Crore) classic corking 100. 00 salaried up gravid 50. 0 monetary attention to projects (Commitment) noneof projects 431 standard 536. 87 spending of project add zero(prenominal)of projects 308 sum of bullion 114. 2 regent to debenture issue No of companies 17 sum 184. 15 regent to issue of bonds No of companies 5 union 134. 6 Custodian/ consideree to issue of vulgar monetary resource No of funds 4 join 60. 00 Manager to the issue No of companies 41 sum of money 104. 9 Lease support No of projects 34 center sanctioned 92. 93 general number (ICB Assisted) No of companies 111 size of it of issue ( normal public) 368. 3 ICB Investors n ett cause No of beaks open(a) 77207 enthronement make 760. 82 ICB correlative currency make headway 8 expectant fund 17. 0 hail market range of investment 67. 66 Dividend per certificate in eight unwashed funds for the yr 2004-2005, ranges from Tk 15 to Tk 210) ICB unit fund make deal 940. 8 sum up of dividend for the division 2004-05=Tk12 per certificate ICBs relations in the nervous strain Exchanges including subsidiaries DSE 769. 90 CSE 268. 73 monetary Results (For the year 2004-05) (Tk in crore) Income 170. 38 pass profit subsequentlywards tax 21. 3 Dividend (Tk per sh be) 12 men (as on June 0,2005) 396 No of sh ar pallbe arers ( as on June 30, 2005) 955 2. 10 Investors Scheme of ICB Investor aim is one of the means functions of ICB. through and through investors fascinate, ICB ensures companionship of teensy investors in the cap market of Bangladesh. The Investors Scheme was introduced in 1977 with the object ive of broadening the base of blondness investment through mobilising savings of tenuous and medium size savers for investment in the securities market.In addition to question Office, enthronement estimates are too ascertaind at the 7 branch offices of ICB primed(p) at capital of Bangladesh, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barisal, Sylhet, and Bogra. further in view of strategic changes in policy reform, from 01 July 2002 ICB stop inception new tales and ICB big(p) focal point Ltd. started hatchway and managing investment floors. ICB get out continue to provide function to its animate nebs only. fudge 2. 3 comparative degree practicable activities of the investors design in 2004-2005 and 2003-2004 Particulars 04-05 03-04 extend/ accrue come as on June 30, 2005 (%) No. f narrations un primed(p) 72207 No. of chronicles unsympathetic 807 776 4. 26 28327 No. of net operating(prenominal) tales 48880 49687 -1. 62 48880 monument certain 22. 7 27. 31 -16. 62 314. 87 gives disbursed 159. 5 58. 73 171. 58 707. 8 investment funds make 118. 26 62. 91 87. 98 760. 82 bespeakment accumulated 25. 09 30. 48 -17. 68 concern waived 19. 06 31. 26 -39. 03 55. 52 convalescence of margin adds 179. 6 103. 14 74. 13 pedigree insulation 40. 18 13. 09 206. 95 throw out steps were underinterpreted to set up the flavour and nimble service under the project like computerization of all activities and busyness of merchandizing operation oversight software. This enables the forethought to offer erupt and quick service to the investors including flashgun grant of the financial program line, portfolio, difference of the notes, and so on knowledgeability of speech sound banking system in Investors Account enable investors to collect information and function their business relationship over telephone was at the final stage of operations. Besides, knowledgeability of electronic march system of DSE online trad ing on the floor of ICB has been set up. through with(p) investors turning away ICB provides the next service. permit of OperationAn posting whitethorn be operated by the story holder himself/herself or he/she whitethorn realize to other A/c. holder of investors cypher of ICB by compose consent in the incontrovertible form, some one else to operate the cipher on his/her behalf. In case of joint cipher holders, musical score whitethorn be operated by virtuoso or joint signatories or by classic operator. brim give right away ICB grants impart up to two quantify i. e. at the ratio of 13 against the deposits of deem holder(s) subject to a utmost of Tk. 3, 00,000. 00 to an reputation. However, guidance of ICB, at its discretion, whitethorn limit such bestow. Loans are due as per requite schedule presumptuousness by ICB.In the event of negligence of loan repayment, the outstanding metre whitethorn be find by deal of securities held in the identi fy. Portfolio focal point The account holder whitethorn use his/her integrity and the loan to buy securities which ICB keeps as collateral. bribe and change revisions are kill by ICB deep down the shortest accomplishable time, subject to the in stock(predicate)ness of fund in the account and scope of twinned of buyers/sellers and securities in the stock exchanges. An account holder or his/her genuine person may place grease ones palms/ bargain execution dress in the decreed form, indicating whether, the set up is a limit vagabond i. e. an specifying the max. /min. strain at which he/she is instinctive to buy / bargain, or at a market wrong i. e. without any limit of outlay. The obtain and change sends are validated for heptad and ten geezerhood respectively, if not revalidated / cancelled other by the account operator. separation of Securities/ money every or any heart of fund or securities may be recluse from an account subject to keeping of minimu m credit residue of Tk. 5000. 00 in cash or in securities to keep the account running alive. Application against initial offering all activities relating to practical application for securities and appeal of parceling letter / refund warrant and certificates, as the case may be, against the IPO8 are done by ICB on behalf of account holder. appealingness of Securities and Benefits skillful shares, subvention shares, dividends, delight, reborn shares and so on accruing to an account are cool by ICB from the respective companies. fitting and tutelary services accommodation of shares/ securities with the company is made ahead the closure of the companys share / debenture ship book, subsequently completing all the call for formalities, on behalf of the account holder. fivesome and other tutelar arrangement for assets of the account are provided by ICB. guidance and data support In order to develop change and equilibrize portfolio to decrease take chances and ma ximise profit, ICB provides headmaster advice to its clients.Data support in the form of securities analysis sheet, chance(a) buy/ exchange position, statement and portfolio of each account, and so forth are provided on demand and on frozenness interval. Income Incomes from investments by way of dividend, interest, incentive shares, capital gains etc. are impute to the respective account. depreciate beguile on loan ( presently-12. 5%) and brokerage (0. 5% for non CDS & 0. 5250% for CDS) on exchange/ procure of securities are aerated to the respective account. To throw out the exquisite and medium savers, ICB at present does not charge fees for most of the services rendered by ICB to its customers, including fees for trouble, investment advice, protective service(for non CDS securities),etc. last of AccountAn account may be close by create verbally order subject to resolve of fees & dues, if any. in that respect is no homework of revivification of a unsympathe tic account. peril prudence Risks of investments in the securities market are minimise through provident & original portfolio steering. 2. 11 brass instrument Structure of ICB care of ICB The head office of the corporation as per the requirement of the statute of ICB is located at Dhaka. The get on with of directors of ICB is very much sizable as it consists of noble gainful and managing director of other organization. The tabular array consists of 11 members including the chair and Managing managing director. The card of passenger cars consists of the succeeding(a) members. The chairperson and Managing managing director (MD) are to be appointive by the government o The directors to be nominate by the government from among persons avail under the government. o peerless theater director to be plant by the Bangladesh Bank o The Managing Director of Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (BSB), ex office. o The Managing Director of Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Shnagsta (BSRS) o 4 other directors to be elected by the shareholders other than the government. ICB- its roles and Departments investment pot of Bangladesh split, into 25 departments and 11 divisions in its head office. Beside that ICB has cardinal branches in different districts. These are determine at Dhaka (local office), Chittagong, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Khulna, Bogura and Barisal. ICB is functionally dissever into two broad extension phones. integrity is operations wing and other is administrative wing. The functions of operational locomote touch the activities of project Financing, formulation investigate and rail line increase, lunch social unit and reciprocal funds ( innovation if new funds is now halt and currently the function is perfect(a) by ICB plus prudence Ltd), action and caution of Investor Accounts. The function of administrative telephone extension involve the activities of Account and finance, legitimate affairs, instruction execution and recuperation, lo ok carrying into action, law of nature and open Issue. It is mentioned earlier, that ICB consists of 11 divergences and 25 departments. The spare-time activity table lists all the divisions and departments of ICB.An appendix at the pf the report contains the full organ gram of ICB. display panel 2. 4 Division Department A. Administration 01. Personel 02. founding B. Loan appraisal 03. Loan approximation 04. scotch and rail line question 05. Securities summary C. healthy affairs 06. mankind Issue 07. impartiality D. merchandising 08. Investors 09.Shares 10. effect E. notes 11. unit sales 12. building block adjustment and procural 13. rough-cut silver F. electronic computer 14. remains summary 15. programme 16. precaution tuition dodge G. inspect And Methods 17. audited account And Methods (Head Office) 18. audit And Methods ( sort outes) H. Accounts and Finance 19. of import Accounts 20. retch Loan Accounts I. eff ectuation 21. project Implementation 22. Recovery and enforce J. repositorys 23. escritoires 24. overt likeness K. sort and Subsidiaries control Division 25.Branch control condition Department 2. 11 ICB plebeian bullion It is a acknowledge principle that diversification of investment reduces risk. An individual may not hasten the time, expertise and resources to undertake such diversification. present arises the advantage of a vulgar stemma. plebeian stores pocket billiards the savings of a great number of investors and make investments in a wide array of securities. In Bangladesh ICB has pioneered rough-cut currency for the sake of investors and of the capital market. plebeian coin are overly cognise as close terminate vernacular currency. The issued capital of a unwashed investment firm is hold in, that is, a reciprocal strain offers a limited number of certificates for sale to the public.The heart of capital and the number of certificates of each joint memory board remains unchanged. ICB coarse finances are item-by-item of one another. hurt of interchangeable fund certificates after IPO is determined on the origin Exchanges through interaction of supply and demand. The market bell of a reciprocal blood line certificates is operable in short letter exchange quotations and in newspapers. An investor can procure any of the aliment eight ICB coarse bullion certificates through the origination Exchanges at the normal Market expense. The unwashed stemmas are managed by ICB as fund manager for which receives guardianship 1%. ICB unwashed monetary funds Certificates holders shall drive home unfettered possession in the assets of the parentage to which they are related.In case of winding up of the great deal the assets belong to any ICB correlative Fund shall not be case-hardened as the assets of the Corporation. At present management fee 1% on the salaried up capital of the Fund is superc harged annually. No amount is charged on account of custodial and trust services. The net income veritable on investments of Funds on account of dividend, bonus, interest, capital gain etc. are distributed amongst the Certificate Holders as per finality of the jury of Directors of ICB. climb on declares such income in the form of dividend at the end of July each year. Dividends tell by ICB in the departed on the coarse Funds were very hypnotic.A spot analysis on ICB sponsored mutual fund will be followed on the second part of the report. 2. 12 ICB social unit Fund Sponsored by the Government of Bangladesh, ICB social unit Fund was established on April 10, 1981. Its main objective is to broadcast savings through sale of its units to bitty investors and invest these funds in merchantable securities. The turning away provides a capableness source of honor and debt to industrial and commercial concerns and thus contributes to the industrial maturation of the country. social unit fund is an open ended plebeian Fund. It provides an hazard to the unit holders to invest their funds in a well managed and alter portfolio with a high degree of security of capital and fair(a) one-year returns. enthronement in unit of measurements is safety and ensures a constant and invariable source of income for the holders. units are intimately encashable. As such, investment in unit is relatively more than attractive. By investing in this precis an investor may derive personal good on the one hand and in addition contribute towards the economic cultivation of the country on the other. ICB units are securities deep down the subject matter of Trust Act. 1882. Issue, transit and tumble of unit Certificates (I) unit of measurements are available in 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, & 5000 denominations. The name with addresses of the holders are preserve and dividends are dispatched to them accorded and dividends are dispatched to them accordingly . II) building blocks may be ecstasyred through convinced(p) transfer form duly alter in and write by the transferor and transferee. No opinion business is needed for such transfers. (III) units may be encased by way of deporting the certificates along with the positively charged surrender forms duly alter in and signed by the registered holders and no prior notice is required. The certificates are required to be surrendered at the wonted buy Price. Price fastening Changes in buy impairments of units are notified through the newspapers and equipment casualty of a whole is fixed sporadically by ICB as its fund manager. Among others, valuation of the assets of the Fund is taken into attachment fleck fastening impairment of a unit. creation interlockingThe Fund is divided up into units which are largely cognize as ICB unit of measurement. all(prenominal) Unit bears a certain rate in the assets of the Fund. The Unit holders are the owners of the fund and only they are benefited from it. Unit certificates can be purchased in single or joint name (s). At present supreme of 10,000 Units can be purchased in a single or joint name(S) at a time. Units are not sold to institutions. passe-partout steering overlord counselor is rendered to the future & animated investors who are ardent to purchase ICB Units through ICB offices and authentic Bank branches. instanter this strategy is operated by ICB Asset precaution society Limited. enthronization by East Pakistani Citizens afieldThe East Pakistani citizens living distant may invest in certificates on fulfillment of the avocation terms and conditions (I) The survey of Units purchased is to be remitted through bank channel, (II) The money invested in Units and benefits thereon are not allowed to be repatriated, (III) The investors essential mention their local and bank addresses in Bangladesh for thingumabob of registration of Units. enthronement by Foreigners Residin g in Bangladesh The foreign nationals residing in Bangladesh may alike invest in Unit Certificates, provided they explicate certificates to the effect that money existence invested are their own savings and is not borrowed as loan or overdraft from any bank. These certificates are to be hoard from a Gazetted Officer or a Banker not below the rank or deputy General Manager. Fund ManagementThe responsibleness of managing the fund rests on ICB for which management fee Tk. 1. 25 per Unit (net outstanding) is charged. The Corporation likewise discharges the responsibility of loading and set down of securities in and from the portfolio in the interest of the Unit holders. It is as well as the steward of all assets of the fund. Dividend The tote up income gain on investment/ deployment of funds, net of expenditures incurred, in a financial year is distributed among the unit holders as dividend. Dividend is normally declare at the end of July each year by the table of Director s of ICB. Dividend Warrants are dispatched short after resoluteness of dividend.Since launching of the scheme in 1981 cashbox FY 2004-05 the rates of periodical dividend declare/ paid are as under bet 2. 4 dividend deed of ICB unit fund The graph shows that the fund provides an attractive cash dividend each year to the highest of 25% in 1988-89 and to the net of 11. 01% in 2004-2005. portend 2. 5 Dividend yield on ICB unit fund The graph shows a dividend yield on interruption price of the unit fund. tax income Benefits (I) investment funds in Units enjoys the benefit of enthronization fitting under Sec. 44 of Income measure ordinance 1984. (II) Units are hard-boiled as canonical securities in union with the fraction 2993 of the Companies Act. 1994 and insurance Act, 1938. These are besides interact as Securities as per Sec. 20 of the Trust Act, 1882. additive investing Plan (CIP) Under this scheme a holder instead of receiving dividend may reinvest such divide nd income accumulated for get Unit at a confessional rate. In such case, Units are issued at Tk. 1. 00 less than the initiation price of the financial year. 2. 13 Development Activities of ICB faithfulness support through kitty arrangement ICB inve